Readerships

Although the term 'Reader' was sometimes used in earlier centuries as a synonym for 'Professor', Readers in the modern sense of the word were introduced under the Statutes of 1882. In 1883 Readerships were established in Indian Law, Talmudics and Rabbinic Literature, Classical Archaeology, Comparative Philology and Botany, with English Law in the following year. Their stipends at that time were to have been £400, but for several decades the University's funds would only stretch to allowing them £300. Readers since the Statutes of 1926 have been appointed ad hominem -- for a single tenure -- unless the University determines otherwise or is bound by the terms of a trust. The intention was to allow senior academics more time for research, lightening their load of routine teaching. Appointment was by the General Board on the recommendation of the Faculty Boards; since 1926 of Faculty Appointments Committees. In the list below the dates of the enabling graces are not given after 1985.

 Acoustics, Readership in

1986            Dowling, Ann Patricia     (Professor of Mechanical Engineering, 1993)

 Active Tectonics, Readership in

1996-           Jackson, James Anthony

 Aerodynamics, Readership in

Established by grace of 28 May 1969 for M. R. Head.

1969            Head, Malcolm Robert     (resigned 1978)

 African History, Readership in

Established by grace of 30 July 1980 for J. Iliffe.

1980            Iliffe, John     (appointed Professor of African History 1990)
1995            Lonsdale, John Michael

 African Prehistory, Readership in

1991            Phillipson, David Walter

 Agricultural Chemistry, Readership in

Established by grace of 22 May 1902'; lapsed in 1907 on Mr Wood's appointment as Professor of Agriculture.

1902-07         Wood, Thomas Barlow

 Agricultural Economics, Readership in

(1) Established by graces of 20 June and 5 August 1950 for Dr Menzies-Kitchin and lapsed on his death.

(2) Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for F. G. Sturrock, for so long as he should be Director of the Farm Economics Branch and the necessary funds should be provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Transferred by grace of 26 February 1969 from the Department of Agriculture to the Department of Land Economy, at which time the conditions attached to the Readership were removed.

1950            Kitchin, Alexander William Menzies-     (died 1952)
1966            Sturrock, Ford Gibson     (retired 1977)

 Agricultural Physiology, Readership in

The appointment of a reader for five years, as from 1 October 1919, with a stipend payable from the Agricultural Education Fund, was authorised by grace of 31 October 1919. The Readership was connected to the Special Board for Agriculture and Forestry. Continued by grace of 24 May 1929 under Statute D. xvi and further continued by grace of 22 June 1943 and placed in Schedule B of the Statutes. By the same grace the General Board were authorised to appoint J. Hammond to the Readership for so long as he should hold an appointment under the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries or until the retirement age (65), whichever should be the shorter. Lapsed on Hammond's retirement.

1919            Marshall, Francis Hugh Adam
1943            Hammond, John [1]     (retired 1954)

 Agriculture, Readership in

Established by grace of 11 December 1914, for five years in the first instance, with a stipend payable from the Agricultural Education Fund; by grace of 6 December 1919 continued to 31 December 1925. The Readership lapsed in 1926 being still vacant when the new statutes came into force.

1915            Mackenzie, Kenneth James Joseph     (died 1924)

 Algebra, Readership in

(1) Created for P. Hall by grace of 11 June 1949 and lapsed on his election to the Professorship of Pure Mathematics.

(2) Established by grace of 10 May 1979 for J. E. Roseblade.

1949            Hall, Philip     (elected Professor of Pure Mathematics 1953)
1979            Roseblade, James Edward     (retired 1999)
1999            Saxl, Jan

 Algebraic Geometry, Readership in

1996            Wilson, Pelham Mark Hedley
1997            Barron, Nicholas Ian Shepherd-     (Professor, 2000)

 Algebraic Topology, Readership in

1998-           Thomas, Charles Benedict

 American History and Government, Readership in

Established by grace of 29 June 1962 following the offer by the Americal Council of Learned Societies of a grant of £3,000 a year for five years for this purpose. Continued for five years as from 1 October 1968 by grace of 24 January 1968. Suppressed on the appointment by the General Board to an identically named Readership in the Faculty of History by grace of 17 March 1971.

1963            Pole, Jack Richon     (resigned 1979)

 American History, Readership in

1999            Wood, Betty Christina

 American Literature, Readership in

Established by grace of 30 July 1980 for P. A. Tanner.

1980            Tanner, Paul Anthony     (appointed Professor of English and American Literature 1989)

 Anaesthesia, Readership in

2000            Taylor, Polly Margaret

 Analysis, Readership in

1991            Körner, Thomas William

 Analytical Sciences, Readership in

1999            Hall, Elizabeth Anne Howlett

 Anatomy, Readership in

Established by grace of 14 December 1957 for J. W. Millen.

1957            Millen, James Wilson     (died 1966)

 Ancient History, Readership in

1990            Garnsey, Peter David Arthur     (Professor of Classical Antiquity, 1997)

 Ancient Philosophy and Science, Readership in

Established by grace of 15 May 1975 for G. E. R. Lloyd.

1975            Lloyd, Geoffrey Ernest Richard     (elected Professor of Ancient Philosophy and Science 1983)

 Ancient Philosophy, Readership in

1989            Schofield, Malcolm     (Professor of Ancient Philosophy, 1998)
1989            Sedley, David Neil     (Professor of Ancient Philosophy, 1996)

 Ancient Social and Economic History, Readership in

Established by grace of 29 July 1964 for M. I Finley.

1964            Finley, Moses, Sir     (elected Professor of Ancient History 1970)

 Anglo-Irish Literature, Readership in

Established by grace of 20 October 1965 for T. R. Henn.

1965            Henn, Thomas Rice     (retired 1969)

 Anglo-Saxon History, Readership in

1992            Keynes, Simon Douglas     (Elrington and Bosworth Professor, 1999)

 Anglo-Saxon History, Readership in

Established by grace of 15 May 1974 for P. H. Blair.

1974            Blair, Peter Hunter     (retired 1978)

 Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Celtic, Readership in

1999            Orchard, Andrew Philip McDowell     (resigned 2000)

 Animal Behaviour, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 13 June 1959 for W. H. Thorpe.

(2) Established by grace of 10 May 1978 for P. P. G. B. Bateson.

1959            Thorpe, William Homan     (elected Professor of Animal Ethology 1965)
1978            Bateson, Paul Patrick Gordon Berg     (elected Professor of Ethology 1984)

 Animal Ecology, Readership in

Established by grace of 20 October 1965 for G. Salt.

1965            Salt, George     (retired 1971)
1991            Brock, Timothy Hugh Clutton-     (Professor of Animal Ecology, 1994)

 Animal Health, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 February 1950 in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies.

1952            Matthews, Hugh Trevor     (retired 1960)

 Animal Mechanics, Readership in

1997            Ellington, Charles Porter     (Professor, 1999)

 Animal Morphology, Readership in

Established by grace of 30 October 1890; re-titled 'Zoology' by grace of 5 December 1907.

1890-1907       Sedgwick, Adam [2]

 Animal Nutrition, Readership in

Established by grace of 20 June 1950 for H. E. Woodman.

1950            Woodman, Herbert Ernest     (died 1956)

 Animal Surgery, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 February 1950 in the Department of Clinical Veterinary Studies in the Faculty of Medicine. Transferred on 1 January 1975 to the Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine.

1952            Hickman, John     (retired 1980)

 Anthropology, Readership in

Created for E. E. Evans-Pritchard by grace of 2 March 1945.

1945-46         Pritchard, Edward Evan Evans-     (resigned 1946)

 Applied Economics, Readership in

Established by grace of 14 December 1957 for W. B. Reddaway.

1957            Reddaway, William Brian     (resigned 1965)
1995            Wilkinson, Samuel Frank

 Applied Mechanics, Readership in

1995            Stronge, William James

 Applied Physics, Readership in

1990            Field, John Edwin     (Professor of Applied Physics, 1994)

 Applied Thermodynamics, Readership in

1995            Collings, Nicholas     (Professor of Applied Thermodynamics, 2000)

 Arabic Studies, Readership in

Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for R. B. Serjeant.

1966            Serjeant, Robert Bertram     (elected Professor of Arabic 1970)

 Arabic, Readership in

1996            Holes, Clive Douglas     (resigned 31 December 1996)

 Archaeology, Readership in

1991            Mellars, Paul Antony     (Professor of Prehistory and Human Evolution, 1997)

 Architectural Computing, Readership in

2000            Richens, Paul Nicholas

 Architectural Engineering, Readership in

1996            Spence, Robert John Summerford

 Architectural History, Readership in

1996            Howard, Deborah Janet

 Architecture and Urban Studies, Readership in

Established by grace of 30 July 1980 for M. Echenique.

1980            Echenique, Marcial     (Professor of Land Use and Transport Studies, 1993)

 Architecture, Readership in

Established by grace of 1 May 1985 for J. Rykwert.

1985            Rykwert, Joseph     (retired 1988)

 Arctic Studies, Readership in

Established by grace of 11 May 1977 for T. E. Armstrong.

1977            Armstrong, Terence Edward     (retired 1983)

 Arithmetic, Readership in

Established by grace of of 6 November 1963 for J. W. S. Cassels.

1963            Cassels, John William Scott     (elected Sadleirian Professor 1967)

 Asian Anthropology, Readership in

1994            Humphrey, Caroline     (Professor of Asian Anthropology, 1998)

 Astronomy, Readership in

1997            Carswell, Robert Francis

 Astronomy, Sheepshanks Readership in

1990            White, Simon David Manton     (resigned 1994)

 Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, Readership in

1993            Proctor, Michael Richard Edward     (Professor of Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, 2000)

 Astrophysics, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 10 May 1979 for N. O. Weiss.

(2) Established by grace of 1 May 1985 for D. O. Gough.

1979            Weiss, Nigel Oscar     (appointed Professor of Mathematical Astrophysics 1987)
1985            Gough, Douglas Owen     (Professor of Theoretical Astrophysics, 1993)
1995            Gilmore, Gerard Francis     (Professor of Experimental Philosophy, 2000)

 Atmospheric Chemistry, Readership in

1995            Pyle, John Adrian     (Professor of Atmospheric Science, 2000)

 Atmospheric Dynamics, Readership in

1987            McIntyre, Michael Edgeworth     (Professor, 1993)

 Atmospheric Science, Readership in

1999            Haynes, Peter Howard
1999            Jones, Roderic Lewis

 Auditory Perception, Readership in

1989            Moore, Brian Cecil Joseph     (Professor, 1995)

 Bacteriology, Readership in

Established by grace of 7 June 1946 and placed in Schedule B of the Statutes.

1946            Greaves, Ronald Ivan Norreys     (elected Professor of Pathology 1962)

 Behavioural Biology and Conservation, Readership in

2000            Lee, Phyllis Chadwick

 Behavioural Ecology, Readership in

1992            Davies, Nicholas Barry     (Professor, 1995)

 Behavioural Neuroscience, Readership in

1990            Keverne, Eric Barrington     (Professor, 1998)

 Bibliography, Readership in

Established by grace of 18 March 1970 for F. J. Norton.

1970            Norton, Frederick John     (retired 1972)

 Biochemical Engineering, Readership in

1996            Chase, Howard Allaker     (Professor, 2000)

 Biochemistry of Macromolecular Structures, Readership in

Established by grace of 11 May 1977 for R. N. Perham.

1977            Perham, Richard Nelson     (appointed Professor of Structural Biochemistry 1989)

 Biochemistry of Macromolecules, Readership in

1987            Thomas, Jean Olwen     (Professor of Macromolecular Biochemistry, 1991)

 Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids, Readership in

1994            Jackson, Richard James     (Professor of RNA Biochemistry, 2000)

 Biochemistry, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 May 1961 for K. Bailey.

1961            Bailey, Kenneth     (died 1963)

 Biochemistry, Sir William Dunn Readership in

Appointment authorised by grace of 19 December 1922 with a stipend payable partly from the interest on the endowment fund of £10,000 provided by Sir William Dunn's Trustees. Lapsed on Dr Metcalfe's appointment to a Professorship.

1923            Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson
1933            Needham, Noël Joseph Terence Montgomery
1966            Whittaker, Victor Percy     (resigned 1973)
1974            Metcalfe, James Charles     (Professor of Mammalian Cell Biochemistry, 1996)

 Biological Anthropology, Readership in

1993            Taylor, Christopher Guy Nicholas Mascie-     (Professor of Human Population Biology and Health, 1999)

 Biological Fluid Dynamics, Readership in

1989-89         Pedley, Timothy John     (resigned Dec. 1989. G. I. Taylor Professor of Fluid Mechanics, 1996.)

 Biophysics, Readership in

Established for G. A. Adair by grace of 2 March 1945.

1945            Adair, Gilbert Smithson     (retired 1963)

 Botany, Readership in

Established by grace of 6 December 1883. Lapsed on the retirement of F. F. Blackman.

1884            Vines, Sydney Howard
1888            Darwin, Francis, Sir
1904            Blackman, Frederick Frost     (retired 1936)

 British Imperial History, Readership in

1996            Hyam, Ronald     (retired 1999)

 British Social and Cultural History, Readership in

1999            Gatrell, Valentine Arthur Charles

 Carbonate Diagenesis, Readership in

1996            Dickson, John Anthony Dawson

 Cellular Biochemistry, Readership in

1995            Brand, Martin Dene     (resigned 1999)

 Cellular Neuroscience, Readership in

2000            Hardie, Roger Clayton

 Cellular Pathology, Readership in

1998            Mitchinson, Malcolm James     (retired 2000)

 Cellular Pharmacology, Readership in

1995            Taylor, Colin William

 Cellular Physiology, Readership in

1996b           Huang, Christopher Li-Hur

 Celtic and Anglo-Saxon, Readership in

1993            Williams, Patrick Philip Sims-     (resigned 31 December 1993)

 Celtic Languages and Literature, Nora Chadwick Readership in

Established by grace of 25 June 1976 for K. W. Hughes.

1976            Hughes, Kathleen Winifred     (died 1977)

 Celtic Languages and Literature, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1973 for R. S. Bromwich.

1973            Bromwich, Rachel Sheldon     (retired 1976)

 Ceramics, Readership in

1998            Clegg, William John

 Chemical Biology, Readership in

1999            Abell, Christopher

 Chemical Engineering, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 29 July 1964 for J. F. Davidson.

(2) Established by grace of 30 July 1980 for C. N. Kenney.

1964            Davidson, John Frank     (elected Professor of Chemical Engineering 1975)
1980            Kenney, Christopher Nigel     (retired 1993)
1991            Mackley, Malcolm Robert     (Professor of Process Engineering, 1999)
1992            Hayhurst, Allan Nuttall     (Professor of Combustion Science, 1999)

 Chemical Metallurgy, Readership in

Established by grace of 20 October 1965 for T. P. Hoar.

1965            Hoar, Thomas Percy     (retired 1975)

 Chemical Microbiology, Readership in

Established for M. Stephenson by grace of 4 June 1947; re-established by grace of 11 June 1949 for so long as the stipend and pension contributions were to be provided by the Medical Research Council. By the same grace the General Board were authorised to appoint Dr Gale to the post. Placed in Schedule B of the Statutes by grace of 14 November 1953. Lapsed in 1960 on the establishment of the Professorship of Chemical Microbiology.

1947            Stephenson, Marjory     (died 1948)
1949            Gale, Ernest Frederick     (appointed Professor in 1960)

 Chemical Physics, Readership in

1998            Klinowski, Jacek     (Professor, 2000)

 Chemical Physiology, Readership in

Established by grace of 12 June 1902 for a single tenure on funds provided jointly by the university and by Emmanuel College, of which Hopkins was a Fellow. In 1910 Trinity College created a Praelectorship in Biochemistry, with no attached duties, and elected Hopkins to a Fellowship there. In 1914 Hopkins was elected to the new Professorship of Biochemistry -- a post without stipend, but tenable with the Readership and the Trinity Praelectorship. Suppressed on Professor Hopkins' appointment to the Sir William Dunn Professorship of Biochemistry in 1921.

1902-21         Hopkins, Frederick Gowland, Sir

 Chemistry, Readership in

(1) Created for Dr McCombie by grace of 26 February 1943 and lapsed on his retirement.

(2) Established by grace of 6 November 1963 for L. E. Orgel.

1943            McCombie, Hamilton     (retired 1945)
1963            Orgel, Leslie Eleazer     (resigned 1964)
1992            Sanders, Jeremy Keith Morris     (Professor of Inorganic Chemistry, 1996)

 Chemotherapy, Readership in

1990            Waring, Michael John     (Professor, 1999)

 Chinese Archaeology, Readership in

Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for T.-K. Cheng.

1966            Cheng, Te-K'un     (retired 1974)

 Church History, Readership in

1994            Duffy, Eamon

 Classical Archaeology, Readership in

Established by grace of 6 December 1883 as a continuation of the Readership in Greek Art already in existence. The regulations were rescinded by grace of 5 December 1930 with effect from A. B. Cook's appointment to the Laurence Professorship.

1883            Waldstein (later Walston), Charles, Sir
1907            Cook, Arthur Bernard     (elected Laurence Professor of Classical Archaeology in 1931)
2000            Hurst, Henry Robert

 Classics, Brereton Readership in

Established by grace of 13 December 1906 from the bequest of Robert Pearson Brereton, M.A. of Jesus College. Tenure was for five years. The Regulations were rescinded by grace of 4 June 1927 on the establishment of the Brereton-Laurence Readership. Re-established by grace of 5 December 1930 as from 1 January 1931, to be held concurrently with a University Lectureship. The stipend and pension contributions henceforth were to be the sole charge on the Brereton bequest. Continued by graces of 15 March 1947 and 12 May 1951. By grace of 24 July 1968 the regulations were amended and the title of Brereton Reader in Classics conferred on the holder of a Readership in the Faculty of Classics. Suppressed, by grace of 21 May 1975, after the retirement of Mr Wilkinson.

1907            Ridgeway, William, Sir     (died 1926)
1947-51         Gow, Andrew Sydenham Farrar
1951            Sandbach, Francis Henry     (elected Professor of Classics 1967)
1969            Wilkinson, Lancelot Patrick     (Reader in Latin Literature from 1967) (retired 1974)

 Classics, Brereton-Laurence Readership in

By grace of 4 June 1927 the regulations for the Brereton Readership were rescinded and a new 'Brereton-Laurence' readership established as from 1 August 1927, the funds from the Brereton bequest being augmented by one moiety of the net annual income of Sir Perceval Maitland Laurence's benefaction. There was an obligation on the first reader appointed under the new scheme to promote the study of ancient philosophy. The regulations were rescinded from the date of Cornford's appointment to the Laurence Professorship.

1927            Cornford, Francis Macdonald     (appointed Laurence Professor from 1 January 1931)

 Classics, Laurence Readership in

Two Laurence readerships were established by grace of 5 December 1930 with funds from the Sir Perceval Maitland Laurence bequest. By grace 3 of 2 March 1945 the Readership in Classical Archaeology was continued. One of the readerships lapsed on the death of Martin Charlesworth, but was re-established by grace of 12 May 1951. The readership in Classical Archaeology, which would have lapsed on R. M. Cook's election to the Laurence Professorship, was continued for a further tenure by grace of 24 March 1962. By grace of 24 July 1968 the regulations were rescinded and replaced by a regulation conferring the title of Laurence Reader in Classics on the holders of any two Readership in the Faculty of Classics. Suppressed by grace of 21 May 1975.

1931            Charlesworth, Martin Percival     (Ancient History) (died 1950)
1931            Lawrence, Arnold Walter     (Classical Archaeology)
1945            Cook, Robert Manuel     (Classical Archaeology) (elected Laurence Professor 1962)
1951            Griffith, Guy Thompson     (Ancient History) (retired 1975)

 Classics, Perceval Maitland Laurence Readership in

Established at the same time as the two Laurence Readership in Classics, by grace of 5 December 1930; this one is to be held concurrently with a University Lectureship and one moiety of the earlier benefaction of Sir Perceval Maitland Laurence is to be applied to the stipend and pension contributions. Lapsed on the retirement of C. F. Angus but re-established by grace of 15 March 1947. Continued by grace of 24 May 1952. By grace of 24 July the regulations were amended and the title Perceval Maitland Laurence Reader in Classics conferred on the holder of a Readership in the Faculty of Classics, the change to take effect at the end of the tenure of the current holder. Suppressed, by grace of 21 May 1975, on the retirement of Mr Chadwick.

1931            Angus, Charles Franklin     (retired 1946)
1947            Guthrie, William Keith Chambers     (elected Professor of Ancient Philosophy 1952)
1952            Lucas, Donald William     (resigned 1969)
1969            Chadwick, John     (retired 1984)

 Classics, Readership in

1999            Beard, Winifred Mary

 Clinical Criminology, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1973 for D. J. West.

1973            West, Donald James     (elected Professor of Clinical Criminology 1979)

 Clinical Neuropsychology, Readership in

1999-2002       Sahakian, Barbara Jacquelyn     (Professor, 2002)

 Clinical Psychology, Readership in

Established and placed in Schedule B of the Statutes by grace of 10 June 1950, by which grace the General Board was authorised to appoint Dr Russell-Davis as from 1 October 1950. Re-named 'Medical Psychology' by grace of 20 June 1958.

1950-58         Davis, Derek Russell-

 Coastal Engineering, Readership in

1992            Sleath, John Francis Adams

 Cognitive Development, Readership in

1998            Russell, James

 Cognitive Neuroscience, Readership in

1992            Robbins, Trevor William     (Professor, 1997)

 Combinatorial Mathematics, Readership in

2000            Thomason, Andrew Gordon

 Commercial Contract Law, Readership in

1993            Clarke, Malcolm Alistair     (Professor, 1999)

 Common and Comparative Law, Readership in

Established by grace of 3 May 1972 for J. A. Jolowicz.

1972            Jolowicz, John Anthony     (elected Professor of Comparative Law 1976)

 Common Law, Readership in

1991            Spencer, John Rason     (Professor of Law, 1995)

 Comparative Anaesthesia, Readership in

Established by grace of 4 June 1975 for L. W. Hall.

1975            Hall, Leslie Wilfrid     (retired 1994)

 Comparative Economic History, Readership in

1999            Trebilcock, Ronald Clive

 Comparative Law, Readership in

Created by grace 4 of 18 June 1932 for H. C. Gutteridge. Lapsed on the establishment of the Professorship of Comparative Law in 1934. A new readership was established by grace of 11 June 1949 for C. J. Hamson. Lapsed on the establishment of the Professorship of Comparative Law in 1953.

1932-34         Gutteridge, Harold Cooke
1949            Hamson, Charles John

 Comparative Philology, Readership in

Established by grace of 6 December 1883. Lapsed on the death of Dr Giles.

1884            Peile, John
1891            Giles, Peter     (died 1935)

 Comparative Physiology, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1959 for J. A. Ramsay.

1959            Ramsay, James Arthur     (elected Professor of Comparative Physiology 1969)
2000            Boutilier, Robert Graeme

 Comparative Psychology, Readership in

1994            Dickinson, Anthony     (Professor, 1999)

 Complex Analysis, Readership in

1992            Beardon, Alan Frank

 Computational Chemistry, Readership in

2000            Sprik, Michiel

 Computational Linguistics, Readership in

1997            Pulman, Stephen Guy     (resigned 2000)
2000            Briscoe, Edward John

 Computational Logic, Readership in

1998            Paulson, Lawrence Charles

 Computational Mineral Physics, Readership in

1999            Dove, Martin Travis

 Computational Physics, Readership in

1998            Payne, Michael Christopher     (Professor, 2000)

 Computer Graphics, Readership in

1986            Wiseman, Neil Ernest     (died 1995)

 Computer Science, Readership in

Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for D. J. Wheeler.

1966            Wheeler, David John     (elected Professor of Computer Science 1977)

 Computer Systems, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1973 for R. M. Needham.

1973            Needham, Roger Michael     (elected Professor of Computer Systems 1981)

 Computer Technology, Readership in

1992            Hopper, Andrew     (Professor of Communications, 1997)

 Computers and Information, Readership in

1994            Jones (Needham), Karen Ida Boalth Spärck-     (Professor, 1999)

 Concrete Structures, Readership in

1999            Burgoyne, Christopher John

 Conflict of Laws, Readership in

Established by grace of 4 August 1962 for K. Lipstein.

1962            Lipstein, Kurt     (elected Professor of Law 1973)

 Constitutional History, Readership in

(1) Created for G. T. Lapsley by grace 5 of 20 June 1931.

(2) Created for G. S. R. Kitson Clark by grace of 12 June 1954.

1931            Lapsley, Gaillard Thomas     (retired 1937)
1954            Clark, George Sidney Robert Kitson     (retired 1967)

 Control Engineering, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 May 1979 for A. T. Fuller.

1979            Fuller, Anthony Thomas     (retired 1983)
1987            Glover, Keith     (elected Professor of Engineering (1974) 1989)
1997            Smith, Malcolm Clive
1998            Maciejowski, Jan Marian

 Corporate Law and Financial Regulation, Readership in

2000            Ferran, Eilis Veronica

 Cosmology, Readership in

2000            Lahav, Ofer

 Criminal Justice, Readership in

1990            Thomas, David Arthur
1995            Morris, Allison Margaret     (resigned 1998)

 Crop Husbandry, Readership in

Established by grace of 20 June 1950 for F. Hanley.

1950            Hanley, Frederick     (retired 1967)

 Crystallography, Readership in

Established for W. H. Taylor by grace of 2 March 1945.

1945            Taylor, William Hodge     (retired 1971)

 Cultural History, Readership in

1988            Burke, Ulick Peter     (Professor, 1996)

 Cultural Studies, Readership in

1991            Heath, Stephen Charles

 Cytopathology, Readership in

Established by grace of 4 August 1962 for K. C. Dixon.

1962            Dixon, Kendal Cartwright     (elected Professor of Cellular Pathology 1973)

 Developmental Biology, Readership in

1994            Bate, Christopher Michael     (Professor of Developmental Neurobiology, 1998)
1998            White, Robert Anthony Horsburgh
1999            Bray, Sarah Jane

 Developmental Genetics, Readership in

Established by grace of 30 July 1980 for M. Ashburner.

1980            Ashburner, Michael     (Professor of Biology, 1991)

 Developmental Neurobiology, Readership in

1999            Holt, Christine Elizabeth

 Developmental Psychology, Readership in

1999            Hay, Dale Frances     (resigned 2000)

 Developmental Psychopathology, Readership in

1999            Cohen, Simon Baron-

 Device Materials, Readership in

1993            Evetts, Jan Edgar     (Professor, 1998)
1999            Blamire, Mark Giffard

 Distributed Systems, Readership in

1999            Bacon, Jean Margaret

 Drama and Theatre, Readership in

1996            Holland, Peter David     (resigned 1997)

 Drama, Readership in

Established by grace of 25 October 1967 for R. H. Williams.

1967            Williams, Raymond Henry     (elected Professor of Drama 1974)

 Early Chinese History, Readership in

2000            Lewis, Mark Edward

 Early Christian and Jewish Studies, Readership in

Established by grace of 4 June 1974 for E. Bammel.

1974            Bammel, Ernst     (retired 1990)

 Early Church History, Readership in

1992            Bammel (née Hammond), Caroline Penrose     (died 1995)

 Early Medieval European History, Readership in

1991            McKitterick, Rosamond Deborah     (Professor, 1997)

 Early Medieval History and Culture of the British Isles, Readership in

1991            Dumville, David Norman     (Professor of Palaeography and Cultural History, 1995)

 Early Modern History, Readership in

1992            Morrill, John Stephen     (Professor of British and Irish History, 1998)

 Earth Sciences, Readership in

Established by grace 3 of 26 June 1996, re-titled Geodesy and Geophysics from August 1997 by grace 4 of 30 July 1997.

1996            Haines, Alan John

 Ecology, Readership in

1992            Grubb, Peter John     (Professor of Investigative Plant Ecology, 2000)

 Econometrics, Readership in

Established by grace of 23 May 1984 for N. E. Savin.

1984-85         Savin, Nathan Eugene     (resigned 1985)

 Economic and Social History, Readership in

1986            Hatcher, Melvyn John     (Professor, 1995)
1990            Spufford, Peter     (Professor of European History, 2000)

 Economic Geography, Readership in

1998            Martin, Ronald Leonard     (Professor, 2000)

 Economic History, Readership in

(1) By grace of 21 June 1930 a readership in Economic History was offered to Mr C. R. Fay as from January 1931; lapsed on his retirement. (2) Established by grace of 17 March 1973 for P. M. Deane.

1931            Fay, Charles Ryle     (retired 1949)
1971-81         Deane, Phyllis Mary     (elected Professor of Economic History 1981)
1999            Ogilvie, Sheilagh Catheren

 Economic Law, Readership in

1998            Deakin, Simon Francis

 Economic Sociology, Readership in

1998            Lane, Christel Olga

 Economics and Economic History, Readership in

1995            Humphries, Katherine Jane     (resigned 1998)

 Economics and Politics, Readership in

Established by grace of 12 November 1955 for C. W. Guillebaud.

1955            Guillebaud, Claude William     (retired 1957)

 Economics, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 16 May 1930 for Mr Robertson.

(2) Established by grace of 2 March 1945 for G. F. Shove.

(3) and (4) Established by grace of 11 June 1949 for Mr and Mrs Robinson.

(5) Established by grace of 13 December 1952 for N. Kaldor.

(6) and (7) Established by grace of 13 June 1969 for D. G. Champerowne and M. H. Dobb.

(8) Established by grace of 6 November 1963 for P. Sraffa.

(9) Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for R. M. Goodwin.

(10) Established by grace of 18 March 1970 for M. J. Farrell.

(11) Established by grace of 3 May 1972 for R. L. Marris.

(12) Established by grace of 13 June 1973 for L. L. Pasinetti.

(13) Established by grace of 4 June 1975 for M. V. Posner.

(14) Established by grace of 3 November 1982 for R. E. Rowthorn.

(15) Established by grace of 1 May 1985 for M. H. Pesaran.

(16) Created for Dr Newbery, 1986.

1930            Robertson, Dennis Holme, Sir     (resigned 1938)
1945            Shove, Gerald Frank     (died 1947)
1949            Robinson, Edward Austin Gossage     (elected Professor of Economics 1950)
1949            Robinson, Joan Violet     (elected Professor of Economics 1965)
1952            Kaldor, Nicholas     (elected Professor of Economics 1966)
1959            Champerowne, David Gawen     (elected Professor of Economics and Statistics 1970)
1959            Dobb, Maurice Herbert     (retired 1967)
1963            Sraffa, Piero     (retired 1965)
1966            Goodwin, Richard Murphey     (retired 1980)
1970            Farrell, Michael James     (died 1975)
1972            Marris, Robert Lapthorn     (resigned 1976)
1973            Pasinetti, Luigi Lodovico     (resigned 1976)
1975            Posner, Michael Vivian     (resigned 1978)
1982            Rowthorn, Robert Eric     (Professor, 1991)
1985            Pesaran, Mohammad Hashem     (Professor, 1988)
1986            Newbery, David Michael Garrood     (Professor of Applied Economics 1988)
1991            Singh, Ajit     (Professor, 1995)
1996            Edwards, Jeremy Simon Stracey
1999            Seabright, Paul Bartlett

 Education, Readership in

1998            Ruthven, Kenneth Borthwick Howard

 Educational Psychology, Readership in

Established for R. H. Thouless by grace of 2 March 1945.

1945            Thouless, Robert Henry     (retired 1961)

 Egyptology, Readership in

Established by grace of 20 October 1976 for one tenure.

1977            Ray, John David
1990            Kemp, Barry John

 Elastodynamics, Readership in

Established by grace of 3 November 1982 for J. A. Hudson.

1982            Hudson, John Arthur

 Electrical Engineering, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 11 February 1922 for five years as from 1 October 1921 with a stipend of £100 payable from the University Chest and £600 payable from the Department of Engineering. Continued by grace of 15 October 1926 until 30 September 1931; and by grace of 23 October 1931 to 30 September 1937, but lapsed on Dr Lamb's resignation.

(2) Established by grace of 29 July 1964 for A. H. W. Beck.

(3) Established by grace of 3 May 1972 for F. Fallside. (4) Established by grace of 30 July 1980 for K. C. A. Smith.

1922            Lamb, Charles George     (resigned 1934)
1964            Beck, Arnold Hugh William     (elected Professor of Engineering 1966)
1972            Fallside, Frank     (elected Professor of Information Engineering 1983)
1980            Smith, Kenneth Charles Arthur     (retired 1988)

 Electrical Meteorology, Readership in

Established by grace of 17 June 1919 for five years from October 1919 from funds at the disposal of the Solar Physics Committee. Lapsed in 1925 on Mr Wilson's appointment to the Jacksonian Professorship.

1919-25         Wilson, Charles Thomson Rees

 Electrochemistry and Corrosion, Readership in

2000            Burstein, Gordon Timothy

 Electron Physics, Readership in

Established by grace of 20 October 1965 for V. E. Cosslett.

1965            Cosslett, Vernon Ellis     (retired 1975)

 Engineering and Fluid Mechanics, Readership in

1989            Maull, David John     (retired 1998)

 Engineering Design, Readership in

1998            Wallace, Kenneth Michael

 Engineering Thermodynamics, Readership in

Established by grace of 15 May 1974 for R. W. Haywood.

1974            Haywood, Richard Wilson     (retired 1979)

 Engineering Tribology, Readership in

2000            Williams, John Austin

 Engineering, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 12 June 1948 for L. B. Turner and lapsed on his retirement;

(2) Established by grace of 11 June 1949 for C. F. Tipper;

(3-6) Established by grace of 11 December 1954 of which the readership which would have lapsed on the resignation of Mr Preston was continued by grace of 24 June 1955.

(7) Established by grace of 14 December 1957 for J. F. Coales.

(8) Established by grace of 11 June 1960 for E. N. Fox.

(9) Established by grace of 20 October 1965 for K. H. Roscoe.

(10) Established by grace of 6 November 1968 for J. Heyman.

(11) Established by grace of 18 March 1970 for K. L. Johnson.

(12) Established by grace of 17 March 1971 for D. S. Whitehead.

(13) Established by grace of 13 June 1973 for L. C. Squire.

1948            Turner, Laurence Beddome     (retired 1951)
1949            Tipper, Constance Fligg     (resigned 1960)
1954            Binnie, Alfred Maurice     (retired 1967)
1954            Davies, Ralfe Davidson     (resigned 1963)
1954            Oatley, Charles William     (elected Professor of Electrical Engineering 1960)
1954-55         Preston, Joseph Henry     (resigned 1955)
1955            Rhoden, Harry George     (died 1972)
1957            Coales, John Flavell     (elected Professor of Engineering 1965)
1960            Fox, Eustace Neville     (retired 1976)
1965            Roscoe, Kenneth Harry     (elected Professor of Engineering 1968)
1968            Heyman, Jacques     (elected Professor of Engineering 1971)
1970            Johnson, Kenneth Langstreth     (elected Professor of Engineering 1977)
1971            Whitehead, Denis Sword     (retired 1985)
1973            Squire, Leonard Charles     (retired December 1994)

 English and Comparative Literature, Readership in

1995            Poole, Adrian Douglas Bruce

 English and Musical History, Readership in

Established by grace of 15 May 1974 for J. E. Stevens.

1974            Stevens, John Edgar     (elected Professor of Medieval and Renaissance English 1978)

 English Law, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 12 June 1884, and originally endowed for four years by Dr Henry Sidgwick with £300 a year out of his stipend as Knightbridge Professor. Lapsed on Hollond's election to the Rouse Ball Professorship of English Law.

(2) Established by grace of 14 December 1957 for G. Ll. Williams.

(3) Established by grace of 13 June 1959 for H. W. R. Wade.

(4) Established by grace of 25 October 1967 for R. N. Gooderson.

1884            Maitland, Frederic William
1888            Kenny, Courtney Stanhope
1907            Hazeltine, Harold Dexter
1919            Hollond, Henry Arthur     (elected Rouse Ball Professor 1943)
1957            Williams, Glanville Llewelyn     (elected Professor of English Law 1965)
1959            Wade, Henry William Rawson     (resigned 1961)
1967            Gooderson, Richard Norman     (died 1981)

 English Legal History, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 28 May 1969 for D. E. C. Yale.

(2) Established by grace of 18 May 1983 for J. H. Baker.

1969            Yale, David Eryl Corbet     (retired 1993)
1983            Baker, John Hamilton     (appointed Professor of English Legal History 1988)

 English Literature and Historical Bibliography, Readership in

1998            Beadle, Hilton Richard Leslie

 English Literature, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 10 May 1978 for J. B. Beer.

(2) Established by grace of 7 May 1981 for G. Storey.

1978            Beer, John Bernard     (appointed Professor of English Literature 1987)
1981            Storey, Graham     (retired 1990)
1998            Kerrigan, John Francis

 English Poetry, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1973 for I. R. J. Jack.

1973            Jack, Ian Robert James     (elected Professor of English 1976)
2000            Prynne, Jeremy Halvard

 English Social History, Readership in

1993            Wrightson, Keith Edwin     (Professor of Social History, 1998)

 English, Readership in

(1) and (2) Two Readerships were established by grace of 4 June 1946 as from 1 October 1947, of which one lapsed in 1954 on the retirement of H. S. Bennett.

(3) Established by grace of 13 June 1959 for F. R. Leavis.

(4) Established by grace of 4 August 1962 for M. C. Bradbrook.

(5) Established by grace of 20 October 1965 for G. G. Hough.

1947            Bennett, Henry Stanley     (retired 1954)
1947            Lucas, Frank Laurence     (retired 1962)
1959            Leavis, Frank Raymond     (retired 1962)
1962            Bradbrook, Muriel Clara
1965            Hough, Graham Goulder

 Entomology, Readership in

Created for A. D. Imms by grace of 20 June 1931, in the Faculty of Biology 'B'; by grace of 26 February 1932 the readership was placed in Schedule B of the Statutes and the Reader made Director of the newly established Sub-Department of Entomology in the Department of Zoology. Continued by grace of 23 November 1945, the General Board being authorised to appoint Dr Wigglesworth to the post. By the same grace an offer from the Agricultural Research Council to contribute towards his stipend was gratefully accepted. Lapsed on Wigglesworth's election to the Professorship of Biology.

1931            Imms, Augustus Daniel
1945            Wigglesworth, Vincent Brian, Sir     (elected Professor of Biology 1952)

 Environment and Policy, Readership in

2000            Owens, Susan Elizabeth

 Environmental Fluid Dynamics, Readership in

1991            Britter, Rex Edward

 Enzyme Biochemistry, Readership in

Established by grace of 2 March 1945, as from 1 January 1945, for M. Dixon.

1945            Dixon, Malcolm     (elected Professor of Enzyme Biochemistry 1965)

 Epithelial Biology, Readership in

1995            Stanley, Margaret Anne

 Estate Management, Readership in

Established by grace of 31 October 1919 for five years, the stipend payable by the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries. Lapsed on F. B. Smith 's resignation.

1920            Smith, Frank Braybrooke     (resigned 1928)

 Ethnology, Readership in

Established by grace of 3 June 1909. The Reader was connected with the Special Board for History and Archaeology, but was also a member ex officio of the Boards of Anthropological and Geographical Studies. Established on a permanent basis by grace 28 of 5 June 1926 and connected with the Faculty of Archaeology and Anthropology. Discontinued by grace of 18 June 1932 on Hodson's appointment to the William Wyse Professorship of Social Anthropology.

1909            Haddon, Alfred Cort
1926            Hodson, Thomas Callan     (appointed William Wyse Professor 1932)

 European Prehistory, Readership in

Established by grace of 5 May 1976 for J. M. Coles.

1977            Coles, John Morton     (elected Professor of European Prehistory 1980)

 Evolutionary Anthropology, Readership in

1998            Foley, Robert Andrew

 Evolutionary Palaeobiology, Readership in

1991            Morris, Simon Conway     (Professor, 1995)

 Experimental Biophysics, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 13 June 1959 for A. F. Huxley.

(2) Established by grace of 6 November 1968 for the Hon. R. H. Adrian.

1959            Huxley, Andrew Fielding     (resigned 1960)
1968            Adrian, Richard Hume, Hon.

 Experimental Cytology, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1959 for J. W. S. Pringle.

1959            Pringle, John William Sutton

 Experimental Ecology, Readership in

Established by grace of 11 May 1977 for G. C. Evans.

1977-79         Evans, George Clifford     (resigned 1979)

 Experimental Embryology, Readership in

Established by grace of 23 May 1984 for M. H. Johnson.

1984            Johnson, Martin Hugh     (Professor of Reproductive Sciences, 1992)

 Experimental Fluid Mechanics, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 May 1961 for A. A. Townsend.

1961            Townsend, Albert Alan     (retired 1984)

 Experimental Geophysics, Readership in

Established for E. C. Bullard by grace of 2 March 1945; re-established for B. D. Browne by grace of 30 October 1948.

1945            Bullard, Edward Crisp, Sir     (resigned 1948)
1948            Browne, Benjamin Chapman     (died 1968)

 Experimental Physics, Readership in

1993            Friend, Richard Henry     (Cavendish Professor, 1995)
1995            Donald, Athene Margaret     (Professor of Experimental Physics, 1998)
1999            Ritchie, David Alastair

 Experimental Physiology, Readership in

Established for Dr Matthews by grace of 4 June 1947 and lapsed on his election to the Professorship of Physiology.

1947            Matthews, Bryan Harold Cabot, Sir     (elected Professor of Physiology 1952)

 Experimental Psychology, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 28 January 1921 with a stipend originally payable from the Medical Grant Fund. The original appointment was for a term of five years, but on the resignation of C. S. Myers it was re-established on a permanent basis by grace of 19 May 1922. The Reader acts as Director of the Psychological Laboratory. Originally assigned to the Special Board for Moral Science, the readership was transferred by grace of 4 June 1927 to the Faculty of Biology 'B' and the stipend became wholly payable from the Chest. Suppressed by grace of 7 February 1931 on Bartlett's appointment to the Professorship of Experimental Psychology.

(2) Established by grace of 28 November 1953, for so long as the stipend and pension contributions were to be paid by the Medical Research Council, for W. E. Hick.

1921            Myers, Charles Samuel
1922            Bartlett, Frederick Charles, Sir     (appointed Professor of Experimental Psychology 1931)
1953            Hick, William Edmund     (resigned 1966)
1993            Mollon, John Dixon     (Professor of Visual Neuroscience, 1998)

 Experimental Zoology, Readership in

(1) Created for J. Gray by grace of 20 June 1931 in the Faculty of Biology 'A' ; placed in Schedule B of the Statutes by grace of 26 February 1932 by which grace also the Reader was made Director of the newly established Sub-Department of Experimental Zoology in the Department of Zoology.

(2) Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for H. W. Lissmann.

1931            Gray, James, Sir     (elected Professor of Zoology 1937)
1966            Lissmann, Hans Werner     (retired 1976)

 Financial Econometrics, Readership in

2000            Satchell, Stephen Ellwood

 Fluid Dynamics, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1959 for G. K. Batchelor.

1959            Batchelor, George Keith     (elected Professor of Applied Mathematics 1964)

 Fluid Mechanics, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 May 1978 for J. C. R. Hunt.

1978            Hunt, Julian Charles Roland     (appointed Professor of Fluid Mechanics 1990)
1994            Hinch, Edward John     (Professor of Fluid Mechanics, 1998)
1998            Rallison, John Martin
1999            Davidson, Peter Alan
2000            Peake, Nigel

 Forestry, Readership in

Established by grace of 9 May 1907, the stipend payable from the Forestry Account. The Reader was ex officio a member of the Board of Agricultural Studies and of the Forestry Committee. Re-established for a further period of five years from 1 October 1917 and from 1 October 1922, and then to 30 September 1929 and again to 30 September 1931. By grace of 4 June 1921 the readership was transferred from the Special Board for Biology and Geology to the Special Board for Agriculture and Forestry. Rescinded by grace of 29 January 1932 on the discontinuance of Forestry as an independent subject.

1907-13         Henry, Augustine
1913-32         Dawson, William

 Formal Methods in Computer Science, Readership in

1988            Gordon, Michael John Caldwell     (Professor of Computer Assisted Reasoning, 1996)

 Foundations of Mathematics, Readership in

1997            Johnstone, Peter Tennant

 French and Neo-Latin Literature, Readership in

1999            Ford, Philip John

 French and Occitan Literature, Readership in

1995            Kay, Helen Sheppard

 French History, Readership in

1998            Tombs, Robert Paul

 French Intellectual History and Bibliography, Readership in

1994            Courtney, Cecil Patrick     (retired 1997)

 French Language, Readership in

Established by grace of 15 May 1974 for P. Rickard.

1974            Rickard, Peter     (elected Drapers' Professor of French 1980)

 French Literature and Art, Readership in

2000            Hannoosh, Michèle

 French Literature, Readership in

Established by grace of 7 May 1981 for D. Coleman.

1981            Gabe (née Coleman), Dorothy     (died 1992)

 French Philology and Linguistics, Readership in

1998            Bennett, Wendy Margaret

 French, Readership in

(1) Established for H. F. Stewart by grace of 10 March 1922 to run concurrently with his tenure of a Trinity praelectorship and to carry no stipend. By grace of 29 October 1926, however, a stipend of £400 was attached to the readership. Lapsed on Stewart's retirement.

(2) Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for Ll. J. Austin.

(3) Established by grace of 25 October 1967 for A. A. B. Fairlie.

(4) Established by grace of 6 November 1968 for O. M. H. L. de Mourgues.

(5) Established by grace of 28 May 1969 for R. A. Leigh.

1922            Stewart, Hugh Fraser     (retired 1944)
1966            Austin, Lloyd James     (elected Drapers' Professor of French 1967)
1967            Fairlie, Alison Anna Bowie     (elected Professor of French 1972)
1968            Mourgues, Odette Marie Hélène Louise de     (elected Professor of French 1975)
1969            Leigh, Ralph Alexander     (elected Professor of French 1973)

 Functional Analysis, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 4 August 1962 for F. Smithies.

(2) Established by grace of 30 July 1980 for G. R. Allan.

1962            Smithies, Frank     (retired 1979)
1980            Allan, Graham Robert

 Genetic Epidemiology, Readership in

1999            Easton, Douglas Frederick

 Genetic Recombination, Readership in

Established by grace of 28 May 1969 for H. L. K. Whitehouse.

1969            Whitehouse, Harold Leslie Keer     (retired 1984)

 Geochemistry, Readership in

Established by grace of 14 December 1957 for S. R. Nockolds.

1957            Nockolds, Stephen Robert     (resigned 1972)
1989            Elderfield, Henry     (Professor of Ocean Geochemistry and Palaeochemistry, 1999)

 Geodesy and Geophysics, Readership in

The title of Dr Haines's Readership was changed from Earth Sciences in August 1997

1996            Haines, Alan John

 Geodesy, Readership in

Established for Sir G. P. Lenox-Conyngham by grace of 11 February 1922 to run concurrently with his tenure of a Trinity praelectorship and to carry no stipend. The readership was still without stipend when it lapsed on the resignation of Lenox-Conyngham. It was connected with the Special Board for Mathematics untl 5 December 1931 when it was transferred, by grace, to the Faculty of Geography and Geology.

1922            Conyngham, Gerald Ponsonby Lenox-, Sir     (resigned 1947)

 Geography of Conservation and Development, Readership in

1999            Adams, William Mark

 Geography, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 10 March 1898 mainly from funds provided by the Royal Geographical Society; suppressed by grace of 11 June 1908. Re-established as the Royal Geographical Society Readership, for two years from 1 October 1919 with a stipend payable from the Geographical Education Fund (grace of 31 October 1919). Continued by grace of 21 June 1921 to 30 September 1926 and by grace of 15 October 1926 to 30 September 1931. By grace of 11 March 1927, shortly before P. Lake's retirement, the readership was continued under the terms of the 1926 statutes. Suppressed by grace of 7 February 1931 as from 1 January 1931, the date of Debenham's appointment to the Professorship of Geography.

(2) Established by grace of 18 March 1970 for R. J. Chorley.

1898-1908       Oldham, Henry Yule
1919            Lake, Philip
1927            Debenham, Frank     (elected Professor of Geography from Jan. 1931)
1970            Chorley, Richard John     (elected Professor of Geography 1974)

 Geology, Readership in

Created for Miss Elles by grace of 7 February 1936 in the Faculty of Geography and Geology.

1936            Elles, Gertrude Lilian     (retired 1938)
1997-           Smith, Alan Gilbert

 Geometric Topology, Readership in

1990            Lickorish, William Bernard Raymond     (Professor, 1996)

 Geometry, Readership in

Established by grace of 11 June 1960 for J. A. Todd.

1960            Todd, John Arthur     (retired 1973)

 Geophysical Dynamics, Readership in

1988            Huppert, Hubert Eric     (appointed Professor of Theoretical Geophysics 1989)

 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1973 for J. S. Turner.

1973            Turner, John Stewart [2]     (resigned 1975)
1991            Linden, Paul Frederick     (esigned 1999)

 Geophysics, Readership in

(1) Created for H. Jeffreys by grace of 24 April 1931 in the Faculty of Mathematics; transferred to the Faculty of Geography and Geology by grace of 5 December 1931. Lapsed on Jeffreys' election to the Plumian Professorship of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy.

(2) Established by grace of 11 June 1960 for Sir E. C. Bullard.

1931            Jeffreys, Harold, Sir     (elected Plumian Professor 1946)
1960            Bullard, Edward Crisp, Sir     (elected Professor of Geophysics 1964)

 Geotechnical Engineering, Readership in

1996            Bolton, Malcolm David     (Professor of Soil Mechanics, 2000)

 German Literary and Intellectual History, Readership in

1993            Boyle, Nicholas     (Professor, 2000)

 German Renaissance Studies, Readership in

Established by grace of 17 March 1971 for F. J. Stopp.

1971            Stopp, Frederick John     (resigned 1976)

 German, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 14 December 1957 for A. H. J. Knight.

(2) Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for T. D. Jones.

1957            Knight, Arthur Harold John     (died 1963)
1966            Jones, Trevor David     (retired 1975)

 Germanic, Readership in

Established by grace of 8 June 1899; lapsed in 1910 on Dr Breul's appointment as Professor of German.

1900-10         Breul, Karl Hermann

 Gravitational Physics, Readership in

Established by grace of 4 June 1975 for S. W. Hawking.

1975            Hawking, Stephen William     (elected Professor of Gravitational Physics 1977)

 Greek and Latin Literature, Readership in

1997            Hunter, Richard Lawrence

 Greek and Latin, Readership in

1989            Diggle, James     (Professor, 1995)

 Greek History, Readership in

1993            Cartledge, Paul Anthony     (Professor, 1999)

 Greek Language and Literature, Readership in

1988            Austin, Colin François Lloyd     (Professor of Greek, 1998)

 Greek Language, Readership in

Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for J. Chadwick.

1966            Chadwick, John     (Perceval Maitland Laurence Reader 1969) (retired 1984)

 Greek Literature and Culture, Readership in

1998            Goldhill, Simon David

 Greek, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 May 1961 for G. S. Kirk.

1961            Kirk, Geoffrey Stephen     (resigned 1964)

 Hebrew and Aramaic, Readership in

1989            Williamson, Hugh Godfrey Maturin     (resigned 1992)

 Hebrew and Intertestamental Studies, Readership in

Established by grace of 3 May 1972 for H. St J. Hart.

1972            Hart, Henry St John     (retired 1979)

 Hebrew and Jewish Studies, Readership in

Faculty of Divinity

1995            Lange, Nicholas Robert Michael de

 High Energy Physics, Readership in

Established by grace of 18 May 1983 for J. G. Rushbrooke.

1983            Rushbrooke, John Gordon     (retired Dec. 1988)

 High Temperature Superconductivity, Readership in

1992            Liang, Wei Yao     (Professor of Superconductivity, 1994)

 Hindi, Readership in

1994            McGregor, Ronald Stuart     (retired 1997)

 Hinduism and the Comparative Study of Religion, Readership in

1999            Lipner, Julius Joseph

 Histology, Readership in

Established for Dr Willmer by grace of 30 October 1948.

1948            Willmer, Edward Nevill     (elected Professor of Histology 1965)

 Historical Anthropology, Readership in

Established by grace of 7 May 1981 for A. D. J. MacFarlane.

1981            MacFarlane, Alan Donald James     (Professor of Anthropological Science, 1991)

 Historical Bibliography, Readership in

Established by grace of 3 May 1972 for J. C. T. Oates.

1972            Oates, John Claud Trewinard     (retired 1979)

 Historical Demography, Readership in

1996            Smith, Richard Michael     (Director of the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure)

 Historical Geography, Readership in

1990            Donkin, Robin Arthur     (retired 1996)

 Historical Musicology, Readership in

1996            Fenlon, Iain Alexander

 History and Philosophy of Science, Readership in

Established by grace of 1 June 1966. Transferred to the Faculty of Philosophy by grace of 15 March 1972.

1966            Buchdahl, Gerd     (retired 1981)
1986            Jardine, Nicholas     (Professor, 1992)
1992            Schaffer, Simon John
1999            Secord, James Andrew
2000            Kusch, Martin Paul Heinrich

 History and Philosophy of the Sciences, Readership in

1996            Forrester, John Peter     (Professor, 2000)

 History of Architecture, Readership in

1993            Watkin, David John

 History of Art, Readership in

1997            Massing, Jean Michel

 History of Economic Theory, Readership in

1990            Harcourt, Geoffrey Colin     (retired 1998)

 History of International Relations, Readership in

Established by grace of 20 October 1965 for F. H. Hinsley.

1965            Hinsley, Francis Harry, Sir     (elected Professor of the History of International Relations 1969)
2000            Haslam, Jonathan George

 History of Linguistic Throught, Readership in

1998            Law, Vivien Anne     (died 2002)

 History of Mathematics, Readership in

Established by grace of 5 May 1976 for D. T. Whiteside.

1976            Whiteside, Derek Thomas     (appointed Professor of History of Mathematics 1987)

 History of Modern Political Thought, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 May 1979 for D. Forbes.

1979            Forbes, Duncan     (retired 1988)

 History of Social Thought, Readership in

1986            Jones, Gareth Stedman     (Professor of Political Science, 1997)

 History of the Classical Tradition, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1973 for R. R. Bolgar.

1973            Bolgar, Robert Ralph     (retired 1980)

 History of Western Art, Readership in

Established by grace of 6 November 1968 for A. M. Jaffé.

1968            Jaffé, Andrew Michael     (elected Professor of History of Western Art 1973)
1995            Gage, John Stephen     (retired 2000)

 Human Anatomy, Readership in

Established by grace of 26 November 1920, for five years in the first instance, with a stipend payable from the Medical Grant Fund. By grace of 8 March 1930 Dr Duckworth was reappointed for five years from 1 October 1930 and the readership was assigned to the Faculty of Biology 'A'. The full stipend was payable from the Chest from 1926. By grace of 1 June 1935 Dr Duckworth was re-appointed for five years from 1 October 1935, and the Readership was assigned to the Faculty of Biology 'B'. Lapsed on Dr Duckworth's retirement.

1920            Duckworth, Wynfrid Laurence Henry     (retired 1940)

 Human Development, Readership in

1989            Richards, Martin Paul Meredith     (Professor of Family Research, 1997)

 Human Ecology, Readership in

Established by grace of 4 June 1947 as from 1 October 1947; lapsed on McFarlan's resignation.

1947            McFarlan, Allan Menzies     (resigned 1952)

 Human Physiology, Readership in

Established by grace of 11 May 1977 for P. A. Merton.

1977            Merton, Patrick Anthony     (elected Professor of Human Physiology 1984)

 Hydrodynamics, Readership in

This is the Readership established by grace of 1 June 1966 in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics.

1966            Benjamin, Thomas Brooke     (resigned 1970)

 Hygiene, Readership in

Established by grace of 24 May 1906; lapsed on Dr Nuttall's appointment to the Quick Professorship in 1906.

1906            Nuttall, George Henry Falkiner

 Imaging Sciences, Readership in

1999            Carpenter, Thomas Adrian

 Immunology, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 6 November 1963 for R. R. A. Coombs.

(2) Established by grace of 30 July 1980 for A. J. Munro.

1963            Coombs, Robin Royston Amos     (elected Quick Professor of Biology 1966)
1980            Munro, Alan James     (retired 1989)
1996            Cooke, Anne     (Professor of Immunobiology, 2000)

 Immunoparasitology, Readership in

1999            Dunne, David William

 Indian Law, Readership in

Established by grace of 6 December 1882, although it had been in existence since 1878. Suppressed by grace of 13 October 1892, on the resignation of the first holder; re-established by grace of 23 May 1901 and finally lapsed on the retirement of Sir Raymond West.

1878-92         Wilson, Roland Knyvet, Sir
1901-07         West, Raymond, Sir

 Indian Studies, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 3 May 1972 for F. R. Allchin.

(2) Established by grace of 10 May 1978 for K. R. Norman.

1972            Allchin, Frank Raymond     (retired 1990)
1978            Norman, Kenneth Roy     (appointed Professor of Indian Studies 1990)

 Industrial Management, Readership in

Established by grace of 11 December 1954 in the Department of Engineering. Replaced, by grace of 17 November 1956, with effect from 1 January 1957 for five years, by an Assistant Directorship of Research.

1963            Sofer, Cyril     (died 1974)

 Industrial Psychology, Readership in

Created by grace of 17 May 1935 in the Faculty of Biology 'B' for E. Farmer, for five years in the first instance, provided that the stipend and pension contributions were to be provided by the Medical Research Council. In 1935, 1940, 1945, 1948 and 1951 Farmer was re-appointed. Lapsed on the completion of his tenure in 1953.

1935-53         Farmer, Eric

 Infectious Diseases, Readership in

1998            Lever, Andrew Michael Lindsay     (Professor, 2000)

 Information Engineering, Readership in

1990            Rayner, Peter John Wynn     (Professor of Signal Processing, 1998)
1994            Young, Stephen John     (Professor, 1995)
1997            Cipolla, Roberto     (Professor, 2000)
1999            Woodland, Philip Charles

 Inorganic Chemistry, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 5 February 1944 as from 1 October 1945; by grace of 8 June 1945 placed in Schedule B of the Statutes and H. J. Eméleus was appointed. Lapsed on his appointment to a chair.

(2) Established by grace of 10 May 1978 for B. F. G. Johnson.

(3) Established by grace of 23 May 1984 for M. Gerloch.

1945-46         Emeléus, Harry Julius     (appointed Professor of Inorganic Chemistry 1946)
1978            Johnson, Brian Frederick Gilbert     (resigned 1990)
1984            Gerloch, Malcolm     (retired 1999)

 Insect Physiology, Readership in

Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for J. W. L. Beament.

1966            Beament, James William Longman     (elected Drapers' Professor of Agriculture 1969)

 Institutional and Evolutionary Economics, Readership in

1998            Hodgson, Geoffrey Martin     (resigned 3 December)

 Insular Latin Literature, Readership in

1988            Lapidge, Michael     (Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon, 1991)

 Intellectual History and English Literature, Readership in

1994            Collini, Stefan Anthony     (Professor, 2000)

 International History, Readership in

1997            Reynolds, David James

 International Law, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 29 July 1964 for C. Parry.

(2) Established by grace of 5 May 1976 for D. W. Bowett.

(3) Established by grace of 7 May 1981 for E. Lauterpacht.

1964            Parry, Clive     (elected Professor of International Law 1969)
1976            Bowett, Derek William     (elected Whewell Professor of International Law 1981)
1981            Lauterpacht, Elihu     (retired 1988)
1994            Lowe, Alan Vaughan     (resigned 1999)

 International Public Law, Readership in

1997            Allott, Philip James     (Professor, 2000)

 International Relations, Readership in

1999            Towle, Philip Anthony

 Invertebrate Physiology, Readership in

1971            Treherne, John Edwin     (died 1989)

 Invertebrate Zoology, Readership in

Created for Carl Pantin by grace of 30 October 1937 in the Faculty of Biology 'B'.

1937            Pantin, Carl Frederick Abel     (elected Professor of Zoology 1959)

 Iranian Studies, Readership in

Established by grace of 20 October 1965 for I. Gershevitch.

1965            Gershevitch, Ilya     (retired 1982)

 Islamic History, Reader in

1994            Crone, Patricia     (resigned 1997)

 Italian Literature, Readership in

1998            Kirkpatrick, Robin

 Italian, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1973 for F. S. Foster.

1973            Foster, Francis Stephen     (retired 1978)

 Japanese and Comparative Economic Sociology, Readership in

1999            Whittaker, David Hugh

 Japanese History and Bibliography, Readership in

1995            Kornicki, Peter Francis

 Jewish and Early Christian Studies, Readership in

1996            Horbury, William     (Professor, 1998)

 Jurisprudence, Readership in

1996            Simmonds, Nigel Edward

 Labour Law, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 May 1979 for P. O'Higgins.

1979            O'Higgins, Paul     (resigned 1984)

 Latin Literature and Textual Criticism, Readership in

Established by grace of 18 March 1970 for E. J. Kenney.

1970            Kenney, Edward John     (elected Kennedy Professor of Latin 1974)

 Latin Literature, Readership in

Established by grace of 25 October 1967 for L. P. Wilkinson.

1967            Wilkinson, Lancelot Patrick     (retired 1974)
1996            Henderson, John Graham Wilmot
1998            Hardie, Philip Russell

 Latin-American History, Readership in

1992            Brading, David Anthony     (Professor of Mexican History, 2000)

 Law of Taxation, Readership in

1987            Tiley, John     (appointed Professor of Law of Taxation 1990)

 Law, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 7 June 1946 from a date to be determined later. Lapsed on Bailey's election to the Rouse Ball Professorship of English Law.

(2) Established by grace of 10 May 1979 for J. A. Weir.

1946            Bailey, Stanley John     (elected Rouse Ball Professor 1950)
1979            Weir, John Antony
1994            Smith, Anthony Terry Hanmer     (Professor of Criminal and Public Laws, 1996)
1995            Cripps, Yvonne Maria     (resigned 2000)

 Legal and Political Philosophy, Readership in

1999            Kramer, Matthew Henry

 Linguistics, Readership in

1991            Levinson, Stephen Curtis     (resigned 1994)

 Literary History, Readership in

Established by grace of 23 May 1984 for H. H. Erskine-Hill.

1984            Hill, Howard Henry Erskine-     (Professor, 1994)

 Literature and Narrative, Readership in

1987            Beer, Gillian Patricia Kempster, Dame     (elected Professor of English (Grace 1 of 1 Dec. 1965) 1989)

 Literature and Visual Culture, Readership in

2000            Harvey, John Robert

 Main Group Chemistry, Readership in

1998-2000       Snaith, Ronald     (died January 2000)

 Mammalian Genetics, Readership in

1991            Evans, Martin John     (Professor, 1994)

 Management Science, Readership in

1992            Weber, Richard Robert     (Churchill Professor of Mathematics for Operational Research, 1994)

 Management Studies, Readership in

1997            Oliver, Nicholas     (Professor of Management, 2000)

 Manufacturing, Readership in

2000            Platts, Kenneth Walter

 Marine Geology, Readership in

Established by grace of 17 March 1971 for D. H. Matthews.

1971            Matthews, Drummond Hoyle     (resigned 1982)

 Marine Geophysics, Readership in

Established by grace of 20 October 1965 for M. N. Hill.

1965            Hill, Maurice Neville     (died 1966)

 Materials Chemistry, Readership in

1999            Jones, William
2000            Attfield, John Paul

 Mathematical Analysis, Readership in

(1) Established for A. E. Ingham by grace of 28 November 1953.

(2) Established by grace of 13 May 1961 for J. C. Burkill.

(3) Established by grace of 10 May 1978 for D. J. H. Garling.

1953            Ingham, Albert Edward     (died 1967)
1961            Burkill, John Charles     (retired 1967)
1978            Garling, David John Haldane     (retired 1999)

 Mathematical Biology, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 May 1978 for A. W. F. Edwards. Re-titled 'Biometry' by Grace 2 of 30 October 1991. Lapsed on Dr Edwards' appointment to a Professorship of Biometry, 2000.

1978            Edwards, Anthony William Fairbank     (Professor of Biometry, 2000)
1995            Gilligan, Christopher Aidan     (Professor, 1999)

 Mathematical Logic, Readership in

1996            Hyland, John Martin Elliot

 Mathematical Physics, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 15 May 1974 for P. V. Landshoff.

(2) Established by grace of 5 May 1976 for J. Goldstone.

1974            Landshoff, Peter Vincent     (Professor, 1994)
1976            Goldstone, Jeffrey     (resigned 1976)
1989            Goddard, Peter     (Professor of Theoretical Physics, 1992)
1994            Manton, Nicholas Stephen     (Professor, 1998)
1995            Drummond, Ian Thomas     (Professor of Theoretical Physics, 2000)
1997            Macfarlane, Alan James

 Mathematics of Systems, Readership in

1986            Kelly, Francis Patrick     (appointed Professor of Mathematics of Systems 1990)

 Mathematics, Readership in

1994            Borcherds, Richard Ewen     (resigned 1995)

 Mechanical Engineering, Readership in

1998            Cebon, David

 Mechanical Metallurgy, Readership in

Established by grace of 7 May 1981 for J. F. Knott.

1981            Knott, John Frederick     (resigned 1990)

 Mechanics of Materials, Readership in

1994            Fleck, Norman Andrew     (Professor, 1997)
1995            Clyne, Trevor William     (Professor, 1999)

 Mechanics of Solids, Readership in

Established by grace of 28 May 1969 for R. Hill.

1969            Hill, Rodney     (elected Professor of the Mechanics of Solids 1972)

 Medical Biotechnology, Readership in

1991            Lee, Helen

 Medical Psychology, Readership in

By grace of 20 June 1958 the Readership in Clinical Psychology held by Dr Russell-Davies was renamed the Readership in Medical Psychology.

1958-62         Davis, Derek Russell-     (resigned 1962)

 Medicine, Readership in

(1) Created for R. McCance by grace of 10 June 1938. Lapsed on his appointment to a chair.

(2) Created for M. Hynes by grace of 7 June 1946. Lapsed on his resignation.

1938            McCance, Robert Alexander     (appointed Professor of Experimental Medicine, 1945)
1946            Hynes, Martin     (resigned 1950)

 Medieval and Renaissance Music, Readership in

2000            Bowers, Roger Davies

 Medieval Art, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 May 1979 for G. D. S. Henderson.

1979            Henderson, George David Smith     (appointed Professor of Medieval Art 1986)

 Medieval Ecclesiastical Institutions, Readership in

Established by grace of 14 December 1957 for W. Ullmann.

1957            Ullmann, Walter     (elected Professor of Medieval Ecclesiastical History 1965)

 Medieval English History, Readership in

1995            Carpenter, Mary Christine

 Medieval English Literature, Readership in

Established by grace of 1 May 1985 for A. C. Spearing.

1985            Spearing, Anthony Colin     (resigned 1987)

 Medieval English, Readership in

Established by grace of 5 May 1976 for D. S. Brewer.

1976            Brewer, Derek Stanley     (elected Professor of English 1983)

 Medieval French Literature, Readership in

1999            Huot, Sylvia

 Medieval German Literature, Readership in

1994            Johnson, Leslie Peter     (retired 1997)

 Medieval Islamic Studies, Readership in

Established by grace of 23 May 1984 for M. C. Lyons.

1984            Lyons, Malcolm Cameron     (elected Thomas Adams' Professor of Arabic 1985)

 Medieval Latin Literature, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 May 1979 for E. P. M. Dronke.

1979            Dronke, Ernest Peter Michael     (Professor, 1989)

 Medieval Literature and Music, Readership in

1997            Page, Christopher Howard

 Medieval Literature, Readership in

1995            Windeatt, Barry Alexander

 Medieval Music, Readership in

1998            Rankin, Susan Kathleen

 Medieval Numismatics, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1959 for P. Grierson.

1959            Grierson, Philip     (elected Professor of Numismatics 1971)

 Mediterranean History, Readership in

1991            Abulafia, David Samuel Harvard     (Professor, 2000)

 Membrane Physiology, Readership in

Established by grace of 18 March 1970 for I. M. Glynn.

1970            Glynn, Ian Michael     (elected Professor of Membrane Physiology 1975)

 Mesopotamian Studies, Readership in

Established by grace of 1 May 1985 for J. N. Postgate.

1985            Postgate, John Nicholas     (Professor of Assyriology, 1994)

 Metabolic Bone Disease, Readership in

1999            Compston, Juliet Elizabeth

 Metabolic Disease, Readership in

Established by grace of 20 October 1965 for J. M. Walshe in the Department of Experimental Medicine; transferred by grace 4 of November 1966 to the Department of Investigative Medicine with effect from 1 January 1967.

1965            Walshe, John Michael     (retired 1987)

 Metallurgy, Goldsmiths' Readership in

Established by grace of 11 June 1908 from a benefaction of £10,000 from the Goldsmiths' Company. Under the original terms the Reader was 'to promote by teaching and research the study of the precious metals and of the theory and practice of assaying'. By grace of 7 December 1928 the university accepted an offer from the Goldsmiths' Company to provide, on the appointment of a new reader, a yearly sum of £500 until such time as they could conveniently increase the original endowment with a further £10,000. Discontinued on the establishment of the Goldsmiths' Professorship of Metallurgy in 1931.

1908            Heycock, Charles Thomas     (resigned 1929)

 Metaphysics, Readership in

Established by grace of 18 May 1983 for D. H. Mellor.

1983            Mellor, David Hugh     (elected Professor of Philosophy 1986)

 Methodological Statistics, Readership in

1998            Young, George Alastair

 Microbial Biochemistry, Readership in

1993            Ellar, David John     (Professor, 1999)

 Microbiology, Readership in

1996            Hughes, Colin

 Microelectronics, Readership in

Established by grace of 23 May 1984 for H. Ahmed.

1984            Ahmed, Haroon     (Professor, 1992)

 Microstructural Kinetics, Readership in

1996            Greer, Alan Lindsay

 Mineral Physics, Readership in

1988            Salje, Ekhard Karl Hermann     (Professor, 1992)
2000            Redfern, Simon Anthony Turner

 Mineralogy and Mineral Physics, Readership in

1994            Carpenter, Michael Allan

 Mineralogy, Readership in

Established by grace of 3 May 1972 for J. D. C. McConnell.

1972            McConnell, James Desmond Caldwell     (resigned 1982)

 Modern and Contemporary History, Readership in

1989            Andrew, Christopher Maurice     (Professor, 1993)

 Modern British History, Readership in

1997            Hilton, Andrew John Boyd

 Modern Economic History, Readership in

Established by grace of 4 August 1962 for C. H. Wilson.

1962            Wilson, Charles Henry     (elected Professor of Modern History 1963)

 Modern English History, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 4 August 1962 for J. H. Plumb.

(2) Established by grace of 4 June 1975 for M. J. Cowling.

1962            Plumb, John Harold     (elected Professor of Modern English History 1965)
1975            Cowling, Maurice John     (retired 1988)

 Modern English, Readership in

Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for J. Holloway.

1966            Holloway, John     (elected Professor of Modern English 1972)

 Modern European History, Readership in

1987            Blanning, Timothy Charles William     (Professor, 1992)
1993            Steinberg, Jonathan     (resigned 31 December 1999)

 Modern French History, Readership in

Established by grace of 6 November 1968 for D. Thomson.

1968            Thomson, David     (died 1970)

 Modern French Literature, Readership in

1991            Prendergast, Christopher Alan Joseph     (Professor, 1997)

 Modern Greek, Readership in

2000            Holton, David William

 Modern History, Readership in

Established by grace of 8 June 1911 for ten years at a stipend of £300 of which £125 was at first provided by an anonymous benefaction for that purpose. By grace of 13 June 1912 it was provided that the Readership should be continued after the end of the ten-year period, the whole of the stipend being then payable by the University (by graces of 26 October 1911 and 17 June 1916 from the University Endowment Fund). Lapsed in 1930 on the establishment of the Professorship of Modern History.

1911            Rose, John Holland
1919            Temperley, Harold William Vazeille
1987            Clarke, Peter Frederick     (Professor of Modern British History, 1991)
1997            Winter, Jay Murray

 Modern Indian History, Readership in

1988            Bayly, Christopher Alan     (Professor of Modern Indian History, 1991)

 Modern Intellectual History, Readership in

1994            Pagden, Anthony Robin Dermer     (resigned 1997)

 Modern Japanese History, Readership in

1993            Large, Stephen Stoker

 Modern Philosophy, Readership in

1992            Craig, Edward John     (Knightbridge Professor, 1998)

 Modern Spanish Literature and Intellectual History, Readership in

1997            Sinclair, Alison Seaton

 Molecular Biology of Membranes, Readership in

1990            Henderson, Peter John Francis

 Molecular Enzymology, Readership in

1995            Leadlay, Peter Francis     (Professor, 1999)

 Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Readership in

1999            Affara, Nabeel Ahmed

 Molecular Membrane Biology, Readership in

1996            Luzio, John Paul

 Molecular Pharmacology, Readership in

2000            Edwardson, John Michael

 Molecular Physiology, Readership in

2000            Colledge, William Henry

 Molecular Virology, Readership in

1998            Sinclair, John Henry

 Morbid Anatomy and Histology, Readership in

Established by grace of 15 May 1974 for B. M. Herbertson.

1974            Herbertson, Basil Marriott     (retired 1984)

 Morbid Histology, Readership in

Established by grace of 7 June 1946 for R. Williamson.

1946            Williamson, Raymond     (retired 1959)

 Morphology of Vertebrates, Readership in

Established by grace of 12 March 1920. Lapsed on the death of H. F. Gadow.

1920            Gadow, Hans Friedrich     (died 1928)

 Music, Readership in

1995            Deathridge, John William     (resigned 1996)

 Musical Composition, Readership in

1999            Holloway, Robin Greville

 Mycenaean Greek, Readership in

1990            Killen, John Tyrrell     (Professor, 1997)

 Mycology, Readership in

(1) Created for F. T. Brooks by grace of 20 June 1931 in the Faculty of Biology 'A'; by grace of 26 February 1932 placed in Schedule B of the Statutes and the Reader made Director of the newly established Sub-department of Mycology in the Department of Botany. Lapsed on the election of Brooks to the Professorship of Botany in 1936.

(2) Established by grace of 13 May 1961 for S. D. Garrett.

1931            Brooks, Frederick Tom     (elected Professor of Botany 1936)
1961            Garrett, Stephen Denis     (elected Professor of Mycology 1971)

 Nanoelectronics, Readership in

2000            Jones, Geraint Alwyn Clayton

 Nanoscale Science, Readership in

1995            Welland, Mark Edward     (Professor of Nanotechnology, 1999)

 Natural Philosophy, Readership in

1999            MacKay, David John Cameron

 Neuro-Anatomy, Readership in

Established by grace of 28 May 1968 for Dr C. C. D. Shute who, however, was appointed Professor of Histology before he could take up the appointment.

1997            Sofroniew, Michael Victor     (resigned 2000)

 Neurobiology, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 3 May 1972 for G. Horn.

(2) Established by grace of 18 May 1983 for M. Burrows.

1972-74         Horn, Gabriel     (resigned 1974)
1983            Burrows, Malcolm     (appointed Professor of Neuroscience 1986)
1995            Dunnett, Stephen Bruce     (resigned 31 December 1999)
2000            Keynes, Roger John

 Neuroendocrine Physiology, Readership in

1989            Edwards, Anthony Vaughan

 Neuroendocrinology, Readership in

1987            Herbert, Joseph     (Professor of Neuroscience, 1999)

 Neuropathology, Readership in

1995            Blakemore, William Frederick     (Professor, 1998)

 Neurophysiology, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for G. S. Brindley.

(2) Established by grace of 18 May 1983 for J. G. Robson.

1966            Brindley, Giles Skey     (resigned 1968)
1983            Robson, John Gair     (resigned 31 December 1996)

 Neuroscience, Readership in

1991            Everitt, Barry John     (Professor of Behavioural Neuroscience, 1997)
1991            Lamb, Trevor David     (Professor of Neuroscience, 1994)
1998            Hastings, Michael Harvey

 Neurosensory Physiology, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1973 for F. W. Campbell.

1973            Campbell, Fergus William     (elected Professor of Neurosensory Physiology 1983)

 New Testament Studies, Readership in

2000            Bockmuehl, Markus Nikolaus Andreas

 New World Archaeology, Readership in

Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for G. H. S. Bushnell.

1966            Bushnell, Geoffrey Hext Sutherland     (retired 1970)

 Nuclear Physics, Readership in

Established by grace of 9 June 1956 for D. H. Wilkinson.

1956-57         Wilkinson, Denys Haigh     (resigned 1957)

 Number Theory, Readership in

1994            Taylor, Richard Lawrence     (resigned 1995)

 Numerical Analysis of Differential Equantions, Readership in

1995            Iserles, Arieh     (Professor, 1999)

 Nutrition, Readership in

Established by grace of 17 March 1971 for K. J. Carpenter.

1971            Carpenter, Kenneth John     (resigned 1977)

 Observational Astronomy, Readership in

1992            Griffin, Roger Francis     (John Couch Adams Astronomer)

 Observational Astrophysics, Readership in

2000            Hewett, Paul Charles

 Old English and Norse Philology, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 May 1978 for R. I. Page.

1978            Page, Raymond Ian     (elected Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon 1984)

 Old Testament Studies, Readership in

1993            Davies, Graham Ivor

 Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Readership in

1995            Holmes, Andrew Bruce     (Professor, 1998)

 Organic Chemistry, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 7 June 1946 for F. G. Mann.

(2) Established by grace of 20 October 1965 for J. Harley-Mason.

(3) Established by grace of 25 October 1967 for D. McG. Brown.

(4) Established by grace of 15 May 1974 for D. H. Williams.

(5) Established by grace of 1 May 1985 for A. J. Kirby.

(6) Established by grace of 8 May 1986 for I. Fleming.

(7) Established by grace of 7 May 1986 for J. Staunton.

1946            Mann, Frederick George     (retired 1964)
1965            Mason, John Harley-     (retired 1982)
1967            Brown, Daniel McGillivray     (retired 1983)
1974            Williams, Dudley Howard     (Professor of Biological Chemistry, 1996)
1985            Kirby, Anthony John     (Professor of Bioorganic Chemistry, 1995)
1986            Fleming, Ian     (Professor, 1998)
1987            Staunton, James     (Professor of Chemical Biology, 1999)
1997            Paterson, Ian
2000            Warren, Stuart George

 Oriental Studies, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1959 for E. I. J. Rosenthal.

1959            Rosenthal, Erwin Isak Jacob     (retired 1971)

 Palaeobiology, Readership in

1990            Rickards, Richard Barrie     (Professor of Palaeontology and Biostratigraphy, 2000)

 Palaeography and Diplomatic, Readership in

Established by grace of 7 June 1946 from a date to be determined later.

1947            Bishop, Terence Alan Martyn     (retired 1975)

 Palaeozoology, Readership in

Established for Dr Bulman by grace of 2 March 1945; lapsed on his appointment to the Woodwardian Professorship of Geology.

1945            Bulman, Oliver Meredith Boone     (elected Woodwardian Professor 1955)

 Parasite Ecology, Readership in

1998            Grenfell, Bryan Thomas

 Parasitology, Readership in

Established by grace of 11 June 1949 for P. Tate.

1949            Tate, Parr     (retired 1968)

 Partial Differential Equations, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 May 1979 for F. G. Friedlander.

1979            Friedlander, Friedrich Gerhart     (retired 1982)

 Particle Physics, Readership in

2000            Ward, David Robert

 Perinatal Physiology, Readership in

1997            Fowden, Abigail Lesley

 Persian, Readership in

Established for Dr Levy by grace of 2 March 1945. Lapsed on his appointment to a chair.

1945            Levy, Reuben     (appointed Professor of Persian 1950)

 Petrology, Readership in

Established by grace of 7 December 1918 for one tenure.

1918            Harker, Alfred     (resigned 1931)

 Pharmacology, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 16 May 1919 as from 25 March 1919, originally with a stipend of £400, increased as from 1 October 1920 to £850, of which £800 was payable from the Medical Grant Fund. From 1927 the stipend was wholly payable from the Chest. The regulations were rescinded by grace of 18 June 1932.

(2) Established by grace of 13 June 1973 for A. W. Cuthbert.

(3) Established by grace of 10 May 1978 for E. K. Matthews.

1919            Dixon, Walter Ernest
1973            Cuthbert, Alan William     (elected Sheild Professor of Pharmacology 1979)
1978            Matthews, Edward Keith

 Pharmacology, Sheild Readership in

Established by grace of 10 February 1934 as from 1 July 1934, the bulk of the stipend being payable from the Arthur Marmaduke Sheild bequest. Placed in Schedule B of the Statutes. The Reader was made Director of the newly established Sub-Department of Pharmacology in the Department of Physiology. Lapsed on Verney's appointment to the Sheild Professorship of Pharmacology.

1934            Verney, Ernest Basil     (appointed Sheild Professor 1946)

 Philosophical Theology, Readership in

1997            Milbank, Alasdair John     (resigned December 1998)

 Philosophy of Physics, Readership in

1997            Butterfield, Jeremy John Nicholas     (resigned December 1997)

 Philosophy of Science, Readership in

Established by grace of 6 November 1968 for M. B. Hesse.

1968            Hesse, Mary Brenda     (elected Professor of Philosophy of Science 1975)

 Philosophy, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 12 June 1954 for A. C. Ewing.

(2) Established by grace of 3 May 1972 for C. Lewy.

(3) Established by grace of 10 May 1989 for T. R. Harrison.

1954            Ewing, Alfred Cyril     (retired 1966)
1972            Lewy, Casimir     (retired 1982)
1989            Harrison, Thomas Ross
1996            Heal, Barbara Jane     (Professor, 1999)
2000            Geuss, Raymond

 Phonetic Sciences, Readership in

1999            Hawkins, Caroline Sarah

 Phonetics, Readership in

1998            Nolan, Francis Joseph David

 Physical Chemistry, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 7 June 1946 for Dr Bowden from a date to be determined later. Renamed the Readership in Physics and Chemistry of Solids by grace of 28 June 1957.

(2) Established by grace of 11 June 1960 for T. M. Sugden.

(3) Established by grace of 20 October 1965 for J. N. Agar.

(4) Established by grace of 28 May 1969 for B. A. Thrush.

(5) Established by grace of 8 May 1986 for D. Husain.

(6) Established by grace of 5 May 1988 for R. M. Lambert.

1946-57         Bowden, Frank Philip
1960            Sugden, Theodore Morris     (resigned 1964)
1965            Agar, John Newton     (retired 1981)
1969            Thrush, Brian Arthur
1986            Husain, David
1988            Lambert, Richard Michael     (Professor of Surface Chemistry, 1999)

 Physical Electronics, Readership of

1993            Migliorato, Piero     (Professor, 1999)

 Physical Geography, Readership in

1995            Richards, Keith Sheldon     (Professor of Geography (1993), 1995)

 Physical Metallurgy, Readership in

1994            Bhadeshia, Harshad Kumar Dharamshi Hansraj     (Professor of Physical Metallurgy, 1999)

 Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Readership in

This is the Readership of Physical Chemistry which by grace of 28 June 1957 was renamed, as above, placed in Schedule B of the Statutes and transferred from the Department of Physical Chemistry to the Department of Physics.

1957            Bowden, Frank Philip     (Reader in Physical Chemistry, 1946-57) (elected Professor of Surface Physics 1965)

 Physics of Geochemical Measurement, Readership in

Established by grace of 7 May 1981 for J. V. P. Long.

1981            Long, James Victor Percival     (resigned 1993)

 Physics of High Temperature Superconductors, Readership in

2000            Cooper, John Robert

 Physics of Magnetism, Readership in

1998            Bland, James Anthony Charles

 Physics of Metals, Readership in

Established by grace of 4 June 1947 for E. Orawan for so long as the stipend and pension contributions were provided by the Nuffield Foundation. Lapsed on Orawan's resignation.

1947            Orawan, Egon     (resigned 1950)

 Physics, Readership in

(1) and (2) Two readerships were established by grace of 4 June 1947 and the General Board was authorised to appoint E. S. Shire to one of them.

(3) Established by grace of 13 December 1952.

(4) Established by grace of 14 December 1957 for M. Ryle.

(5) Established by grace of 13 June 1959 for A. B. Pippard.

(6) Established by grace of 4 August 1962 for W. Cochran.

(7) and (8) Established by grace of 29 July 1964 for P. B. Hirsch and D. Tabor.

(9) Established by grace of 20 October 1965 for K. G. Budden.

(10) Established by grace of 6 November 1968 for A. Yoffe.

(11) Established by grace of 3 May 1972 for B. D. Josephson.

(12) Established by grace of 10 May 1979 for A. Howie.

(13) Established by grace of 8 May 1986 for R. F. Willis.

(14) Established by grace of 10 May 1990 for G. G. Lonzarich

1947            Ratcliffe, John Ashworth     (resigned 1960)
1947            Shire, Edward Samuel     (retired 1976)
1952            Shoenberg, David     (elected Professor of Physics 1973)
1957            Ryle, Martin, Sir     (appointed Professor of Radio Astronomy 1959)
1959            Pippard, Alfred Brian, Sir     (elected John Humphrey Plummer Professor of (Experimental) Physics 1960)
1962            Cochran, William     (resigned 1964)
1964            Hirsch, Peter Bernhard     (resigned 1966)
1964            Tabor, David     (elected Professor of Physics 1973)
1965            Budden, Kenneth George     (retired 1982)
1968            Yoffe, Abraham     (retired 1987)
1972            Josephson, Brian David     (elected Professor of Physics 1974)
1979            Howie, Archibald     (appointed Professor of Physics 1986)
1986            Willis, Roy Frederick     (resigned Dec. 1989)
1990            Lonzarich, Gilbert George     (Professor of Condensed Matter Physcis, 1997)
1991            Gull, Stephen Frank
1995            Carter, Janet Rose
1996            Lasenby, Anthony Norden     (Professor of Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2000)
1997            Ball, Robin Christopher     (resigned 1998)
1997            Warner, Mark
2000            Julian, Stephen Russell
2000            Phillips, Richard Thomas

 Physiological Psychology, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for L. Weiskrantz.

(2) Established by grace of 7 May 1981 for S. D. Iversen.

1966            Weiskrantz, Lawrence     (resigned 1967)
1981            Iversen, Susan Diana     (resigned 1983)

 Physiology of Animal Reproduction, Readership in

Established for T. R. R. Mann by grace of 28 November 1953 for so long as two-thirds of the stipend and pension contributions were to be provided by the Agricultural Research Council.

1953            Mann, Tadeusz Rudolph Robert     (elected Mary Marshall and Arthur Walton Professor of the Physiology of Reproduction 1967)

 Physiology, Readership in

(1) Established as from 1 January 1919 to 30 September 1923 by grace of 1 March 1919 with a stipend payable from the Medical Grant Fund. Lapsed in 1926 being still vacant when the new statutes came into force.

(2) Established by grace of 27 May 1933 and partly financed by income from the Rockefeller Benefaction. Replaced by a Lectureship by grace of 9 December 1938.

(3) Established for W. S. Feldberg by grace of 4 June 1947; placed on Schedule B of the Statutes by grace of 11 June 1949.

(4) Established by grace of 28 November 1953 for W. A. H. Rushton.

(5) Established by grace of 20 November 1968 for R. G. Edwards.

(6) Established by grace of 5 May 1976 for J. T. Fitzsimons.

1919            Barcroft, Joseph, Sir     (elected Professor of Physiology 1925)
1933-38         Winton, Frank Robert
1947            Feldberg, Wilhelm Siegmund     (resigned 1949)
1953            Rushton, William Albert Hugh     (elected Professor of Visual Physiology 1965)
1968            Edwards, Robert Geoffrey     (elected Professor of Human Reproduction 1985)
1976            Fitzsimons, James Thomas     (appointed Professor of Medical Physiology 1990)

 Plant and Microbial Biochemistry, Readership in

2000            Howe, Christopher Jonathan

 Plant Biochemistry, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 2 August 1947 and placed in Schedule B of the Statutes; by the same grace the General Board was authorised to appoint C. S. Hanes to the post. Lapsed on his resignation.

(2) Established by grace of 20 October 1965 for D. H. Northcote.

1947            Hanes, Charles Samuel     (resigned 1951)
1965            Northcote, Donald Henry     (elected Professor of Plant Biochemistry 1972)
1991            ---     (A Readership proposed for Dr Thomas ap Rees was superseded by his election into the Professorship of Botany)

 Plant Biophysics, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1973 for E. A. C. MacRobbie.

1973            MacRobbie, Enid Anne Campbell     (appointed Professor of Plant Biophysics 1987)

 Plant Cytogenetics, Readership in

Established for D. G. Catcheside by grace of 10 June 1950; lapsed on his resignation.

1950            Catcheside, David Guthrie     (resigned 1951)

 Plant Molecular Biology, Readership in

1990            Gray, John Clinton     (Professor, 1996)

 Plant Morphology, Readership in

Created for H. H. Thomas by grace of 14 May 1937. Lapsed on his retirement.

1937            Thomas, Hugh Hamshaw     (retired 1950)

 Plant Pathology, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1973 for J. Rishbeth.

(2) Established by grace of 5 May 1986 for D. S. Ingram.

1973            Rishbeth, John     (retired 1984)
1988            Ingram, David Stanley     (resigned 1990)

 Plant Physiology, Readership in

Created for G. E. Briggs in the first instance by grace of 5 February 1937, placed in Schedule B of the Statutes and the Reader made Director of the Sub-Department of Plant Physiology. Lapsed on Briggs' appointment to a chair. Re-established by grace of 2 August 1947 for E. J. Maskell, and by grace of 11 June 1949 placed in Schedule B of the Statutes. Lapsed on Maskell's resignation, but by grace of 23 February 1952 continued as a post in Schedule B.

1937            Briggs, George Edward     (appointed Professor of Plant Physiology 1946)
1947            Maskell, Ernest John     (resigned 1951)
1952            Barker, John [2]     (retired 1968)

 Plant Taxonomy, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1959 for E. J. H. Corner.

1959            Corner, Edred John Henry     (elected Professor of Tropical Botany 1965)

 Polar Studies, Readership in

1992            Wadhams, Peter     (Director of the Scott Polar Research Institute)

 Politics and the History of Social Structure, Readership in

Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for T. P. R. Laslett.

1966            Laslett, Thomas Peter Ruffell     (retired 1983)

 Politics, Readership in

Established by grace of 11 May 1977 for J. M. Dunn.

1977            Dunn, John Montfort     (appointed Professor of Political Theory 1987)

 Prehistory, Readership in

Established by grace of 25 October 1967 for C. B. M. McBurney.

(2) Established by grace of 10 May 19990 for I. R. Hodder.

1967            McBurney, Charles Brian Montagu     (elected Professor of Quaternary Prehistory 1977)
1990            Hodder, Ian Richard     (Professor of Archaeology, 1996)

 Preventive Medicine, Readership in

By grace of 10 February 1923 the General Board were empowered to appoint, subject to confirmation by the Special Board for Medicine, Dr Graham-Smith to a readership in preventive medicine for a period of five years from 1 January 1923. This was to be contingent on continued payments towards the stipend of £100 from the State Medicine Syndicate (discharged in 1923) and £750 from the Medical Grant Fund (discontinued in 1926). The stipend was paid from the Chest after 1926, and by graces of 4 and 18 June 1927 respectively the readership was transferred from the Special Board for Medicine to the Faculty of Biology 'B' and continued under the terms of Statute D.xvi. Lapsed on Graham-Smith's resignation.

1923            Smith, George Stuart Graham-     (resigned 1940)

 Primate Biology and Conservation, Readership in

2000            Chivers, David John

 Private International Law, Readership in

1999            Fentiman, Richard Griffith

 Probability, Readership in

1995            Suhov, Yurii Mikhailovich

 Process Engineering Science, Readership in

1995            Gladden, Lynn Faith     (Professor of Chemical Engineering Science, 1999)

 Process Metallurgy, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 May 1978 for J. A. Charles.

1978            Charles, James Anthony     (retired 1987)

 Psychological Criminology, Readership in

1988            Farrington, David Philip     (Professor, 1992)

 Public International Law, Readership in

Created by A. D. McNair by grace of 13 March 1931 in the Faculty of Law. Lapsed on McNair's election to the Whewell Professorship of International Law.

1931            McNair, Arnold Duncan, Sir     (elected Whewell Professor 1935)

 Public Law and Administration, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 June 1950 for Dr Jackson.

1950            Jackson, Richard Meredith     (elected Downing Professor of the Laws of England 1966)

 Public Law, Readership in

Established by grace of 5 May 1976 for D. G. T. Williams.

1976            Williams, David Glyndwr Tudor, Sir     (elected Rouse Ball Professor of English Law 1984)
1992            Turpin, Colin Conyngham     (retired 1995)
2000            Forsyth, Christopher Forbes

 Pure Mathematics, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 13 June 1973 for J. H. Conway.

(2) Established by grace of 1 May 1985 for B. Bollobás.

1973            Conway, John Horton     (elected Professor of Mathematics 1983)
1985            Bollobás, Bela     (resigned c. 1997?)

 Quantitative Sociology, Readership of

2000            Scott, Jacqueline Lilian

 Quantum Chemistry, Readership in

1989            Handy, Nicholas Charles     (Professor, 1991)

 Quaternary Palaeoclimatology, Readership in

1989-91         Shackleton, Nicholas John     (Professor, 1991)

 Quaternary Research, Readership in

(1) Established for H. Godwin by grace of 13 November 1948.

(2) Established by grace of 25 October 1967 for R. G. West.

1948            Godwin, Harry, Sir     (elected Professor of Botany 1960)
1967            West, Richard Gilbert     (elected Professor of Palaeoecology 1975)

 Rabbinics, Readership in

Established by grace of 20 June 1931 from the Rabbinics Fund collected by Dr R. N. Salaman for the furtherance of teaching, study and research in Rabbinics and cognate subjects. H. M. J. Loewe was named as the holder in this grace, and the readership lapsed on his death in 1940.

1931            Loewe, Herbert Martin James     (died 1940)

 Radio Astronomy, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 28 May 1969 for A. Hewish.

(2) Established by grace of 7 May 1981 for J. E. Baldwin.

1969            Hewish, Antony     (elected Professor of Radio Astronomy 1971)
1981            Baldwin, John Evan     (resigned 1989)
1992            Scheuer, Peter August Georg     (retired 1997)

 Radiochemistry, Readership in

Established by grace of 4 August 1962 for A. G. Maddock.

1962            Maddock, Alfred Gavin     (retired 1984)

 Radiotherapeutics, Readership in

Established for Dr Lea by grace of 15 February 1947, and lapsed on his death.

1947            Lea, Douglas Edward

 Recent British History, Readership in

Established by grace of 5 May 1976 for H. M. Pelling.

1976            Pelling, Henry Mathison     (resigned 1980)

 Reproductive Biology, Readership in

Established by grace of 17 March 1971 for R. V. Short.

1971-72         Short, Roger Valentine     (resigned 1972)

 Reproductive Immunopathology, Readership in

1994            Loke, Yung Wai     (Professor, 2000)

 Roman Historical Epigraphy, Readership in

Established by grace of 18 May 1983 for J. M. Reynolds.

1983            Reynolds, Joyce Maire     (retired 1984)

 Roman History and Law, Readership in

Established by grace of 17 March 1971 for J. A. Crook.

1971            Crook, John Anthony     (elected Professor of Ancient History 1979)

 Romance, Readership in

Established by grace of 8 June 1899. Lapsed on Braunholtz's resignation.

1900            Braunholtz, Eugen Gustav Wilhelm     (resigned 1940)

 Russian Studies, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1973 for N. Andreyev.

1973            Andreyev, Nikolay     (retired 1975)

 Scandinavian Studies, Readership in

Established by grace of 14 May 1960.

1960            Bredsdorff, Elias Lunn     (retired 1979)

 Science of Metallic Corrosion, Readership in

Established for Dr Evans by grace of 2 March 1945 and lapsed on his retirement.

1945            Evans, Ulick Richardson     (retired 1954)

 Security Engineering, Readership in

2000            Anderson, Ross John

 Sedimentary Petrology, Readership in

Established by grace of 29 July 1964 for M. Black.

1964            Black, Maurice     (retired 1971)

 Seismology, Readership in

Established by grace of 3 May 1972 for E. R. Lapwood.

1972            Lapwood, Ernest Ralph     (retired 1976)

 Semitic Epigraphy, Readership in

Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for D. Diringer.

1966            Diringer, David     (retired 1967)

 Semitic Philology, Readership in

1999            Khan, Geoffrey Allan

 Sensory Neuroscience, Readership in

1996            Laughlin, Simon Barry

 Sensory Physiology, Readership in

1987            Crawford, Andrew Charles     (Professor of Neurophysiology, 1992)

 Signal Processing, Readership in

2000            Kingsbury, Nicholas Geoffrey

 Slavonic Studies, Readership in

1999            Franklin, Simon Colin

 Smuts Readership

Established for the further advancement of Commonwealth Studies by grace of 22 January 1955. The appointing body determines the field or fields of study within which the appointment is confined. Appointments are for periods of up to six years. By grace of 24 June the Readership, which would have lapsed on the resignation of Mr Bauer, was continued. Continued, mutatis mutandis, by grace of 23 February 1966, and by grace of 12 October 1966 added to the establishment of the Faculty of History for the duration of Dr Robinson's tenure. By grace of 5 May 1971 continued again, and by grace of 19 January 1972 added to the establishment of the Department of Social Anthropology for the duration of Dr Goody's tenure. Coninued again, by grace of 26 July 1972, on his election to the William Wyse Professorship and by grace of 21 March 1973 assigned to the same Department for the duration of Dr Humphreys' tenure. A recommendation that the Readership be continued after Dr Humphreys' retirement was accepted by grace of 15 February 1978. By grace of 28 November 1979 the appointing body was reconstituted so as to conform more nearly to other appointing bodies for readerships, and the Readership was re-established for six years from 1 October 1980. As it had not been possible to fill the office in 1980, by grace of 18 March 1981 the Readership was re-established with effect from October 1981 for six years; by grace of 10 June 1981 it was assigned to the Faculty of History. Vacant after the end of Dr Bayly's tenure.

1956            Bauer, Pèter Tamàs     (resigned 1960)
1961            Richards, Audrey Isabel
1966            Robinson, Ronald Edward
1971            Goody, John Rankine     (elected William Wyse Professor of Social Anthropology 1973)
1973            Humphreys, Mary Eglantyne [Polly Hill]     (retired 1979)
1981            Bayly, Christopher Alan     (appointed University Lecturer in History 1987)

 Social and Economic History, Readership in

1995            McKendrick, Neil

 Social Anthropology, Readership in

Established by grace of 14 December 1957 for E. R. Leach.

1957            Leach, Edmund Ronald, Sir     (elected Professor of Social Anthropology 1972)

 Social Cognition, Readership in

1997            Goody, Esther Newcomb     (retired 1999)

 Social History of Early Modern Europe, Readership in

1993            Scribner, Robert William     (resigned 1996)

 Social Science, Readership in

1999            Lehmann, Albert David

 Sociological Criminology, Readership in

1999            Wikstrom, Per-Olof

 Sociology and Politics, Readership in

Established by grace of 1 May 1985 for G. P. Hawthorn.

1985            Hawthorn, Geoffrey Patrick     (Professor of International Politics, 1998)

 Sociology of Education, Readership in

2000            Arnot, Madeleine Mary

 Sociology, Readership in

Dr Thompson's Readership was reassigned from the Faculty of Economics and Politics to that of Social and Political Sciences from October 1995.

1984            Giddens, Anthony     (elected Professor of Sociology 1985)
1992            Lane, David Stuart     (retired 2000)
1994            Blackburn, Robert Martin
1994            Thompson, John Brookshire

 Soil Mechanics, Readership in

Established by grace of 4 June 1975 for C. P. Wroth.

1975            Wroth, Charles Peter     (resigned 1979)

 Soil Physics, Readership in

Established by grace of 4 August 1962 for E. C. Childs in the Faculty of Agriculture, on the suppression of which, by grace of 28 May 1969, the readership was transferred to the Faculty of Biology 'A'.

1962            Childs, Ernest Carr     (died 1973)

 Soil Science, Readership in

Established by grace of 20 June 1950 for H. H. Nicholson.

1950            Nicholson, Harry Helstrip     (retired 1959)

 Solid State Electronics, Readership in

Established by grace of 5 May 1976 for J. E. Carroll.

1976            Carroll, John Edward     (elected Professor of Engineering (1966, grace 4 of 1 Dec. 1965) 1983)
1990            Milne, William Ireland     (Professor of Electrical Engineering, 1996)
1999            Robertson, John

 Solid-State Chemical Physics, Readership in

1994            Elliott, Stephen Richard     (Professor of Chemical Physics, 1999)

 South Asian Geography, Readership in

Established by grace of 25 October 1967 for B. H. Farmer.

1967            Farmer, Bertram Hughes     (retired 1983)

 Spanish Literature and Society, Readership in

1992            McKendrick, Melveena Christine     (Professor of Spanish Golden Age Literature, Culture and Society, 1999)

 Spanish, Readership in

Established by grace of 1 March 1919 for a period of five years, with a stipend payable from a benefaction for promoting Spanish studies in the University. Discontinued in 1933 on the establishment of the Professorship of Spanish.

1919            Kirkpatrick, Frederick Alexander

 Spectroscopy, Readership in

Established by grace of 4 June 1947 for Dr Sutherland and lapsed on his resignation.

1947            Sutherland, Gordon Brims Black McIvor     (resigned 1949)
1991            Davies, Paul Brett

 Statistics and Signal Processing, Readership in

2000            Fitzgerald, William John

 Statistics, Readership in

Established by grace of 19 December 1930 in the Faculty of Agriculture for G. U. Yule in the first instance.

1931            Wishart, John     (died 1956)
1931            Yule, George Udny

 Stellar Evolution, Readership in

1999            Eggleton, Peter Philip

 Stereochemistry, Readership in

Created for W. H. Mills in the Faculty of Physics and Chemistry by grace of 7 November 1931.

1931            Mills, William Hobson     (retired 1938)

 Stochastic Analysis, Readershiup in

1999            Norris, James Ritchie

 Structural Biology, Readership in

1999            Laue, Ernest Douglas     (Professor, 2000)

 Structural Chemistry, Readership in

1998            Raithby, Paul Robert     (resigned 2000)

 Structural Dynamics, Readership in

1993            Woodhouse, James     (Professor, 1999)

 Structural Engineering, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1973 for J. B. Dwight.

1973            Dwight, John Bartow     (retired 1984)
1997            Pellegrino, Sergio     (Professor, 2000)

 Structural Mechanics, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 May 1978 for C. R. Calladine.

1978            Calladine, Christopher Reuben     (appointed Professor of Structural Mechanics 1986)

 Structure and Properties of Materials, Readership in

Established by grace of 18 May 1983 for L. M. Brown.

1983            Brown, Lawrence Michael     (appointed Professor of Physics 1990)

 Superconducting Engineering, Readership in

1994            Campbell, Archibald MacRobert     (Professor of Electromagnetism, 2000)

 Superconducting Materials, Readership in

2000            Cardwell, David Anthony

 Surface and Membrane Biophysics, Readership in

Established by grace of 15 May 1974 for D. A. Haydon.

1974            Haydon, Denis Arthur     (elected Professor of Membrane Biophysics 1980)

 Surface Chemistry, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 June 1950 for Dr Schulman.

1950            Schulman, Jack Henry     (resigned 1957)

 Surgery, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 March 1898 in place of the Professorship of Surgery, and suppressed by grace of 11 June 1903 on the re-establishment of the Professorship.

1898-1903       Griffiths, Joseph

 Talmudic and Rabbinic Literature, Readership in

Established by grace of 6 December 1883 (although it had been in existence since 1879) in connection with the Special Board for Oriental Studies. The stipend was increased in 1885 by a benefaction of Dr Charles Taylor, Master of St John's. The Readership was suppressed by grace of 28 April 1890, and re-established by grace of 17 December 1891. Lapsed on the death of I. Abrahams.

1879            Szinessy, Solomon Marcus Schiller-     (died 11 March 1890)
1892            Schechter, Solomon
1902            Abrahams, Israel     (died 1925)

 Tectonic Geology, Readership in

Established by grace of 26 October 1966 for W. B. Harland.

1966            Harland, Walter Brian     (retired 1984)

 Tectonics, Readership in

Established by grace of 10 May 1979 for D. P. McKenzie.

1979            McKenzie, Dan Peter     (elected Professor of Earth Sciences 1985)
1995            Bickle, Michael James     (Professor, 2000)

 Theoretical and Computational Physics, Readership in

1999            Needs, Richard James

 Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Readership in

2000            Horgan, Ronald Raymond

 Theoretical Astronomy, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1959 for R. A. Lyttleton.

1959            Lyttleton, Raymond Arthur     (elected Professor of Theoretical Astronomy 1969)
1991            Pringle, James Edward     (Professor, 1999)

 Theoretical Chemistry, Readership in

Established by grace of 3 May 1972 for S. F. Boys.

1972            Boys, Samuel Francis     (died 1972)
1993            Clary, David Charles     (resigned 1996)
1997            Stone, Anthony John

 Theoretical Computer Science, Readership in

1987            Winskel, Glynn     (resigned 1988)
1996            Pitts, Andrew Mawdesley

 Theoretical Geography, Readership in

1991            Cliff, Andrew David     (Professor, 1997)

 Theoretical Geophysics, Readership in

Established by grace of 30 October 1948 for Dr Stoneley.

1949            Stoneley, Robert     (retired 1961)

 Theoretical Physics, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 29 July 1964 for R. J. Eden. Transferred by grace of 3 March 1965 from the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics to the Department of Physics.

(2) Established by grace of 20 October 1965 for J. C. Polkinghorne.

(3) Established by grace of 18 March 1970 for V. Heine.

(4) Established by grace of 10 May 1990 for G. W. Gibbons.

1964            Eden, Richard John     (elected Professor of Energy Studies 1982)
1965            Polkinghorne, John Charlton     (elected Professor of Mathematical Physics 1968)
1970            Heine, Volker     (elected Professor of Physics 1976)
1990            Gibbons, Gary William     (Professor, 1997)
1992            Osborn, Hugh
1994            Webber, Bryan Ronald     (Professor, 1999)
1996            Davis, Anne Christine
1996            Townsend, Paul Kingsley     (Professor, 1998)
2000            Perry, Malcolm John

 Theory of Condensed Matter, Readership in

1999            Simons, Benjamin David

 Theory of Functions, Readership in

Established by grace of 13 June 1959 for M. L. Cartwright.

1959            Cartwright, Mary Lucy, Dame     (retired 1968)

 Theory of Numbers, Readership in

Established by grace of 3 May 1972 for A. Baker.

1972            Baker, Alan     (elected Professor of Pure Mathematics 1974)

 Therapeutic Immunology, Readership in

Established by grace of 1 May 1985 for H. Waldmann.

1985            Waldmann, Herman     (elected Kay Kendall Professor of Tumour Immunology 1989)
1996            Lockwood, Christopher Martin     (died September 1999)

 Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Readership in

1993            Young, John Bernard     (Hopkinson and Imperial Chemical Industries Professor of Applied Thermodynamics, 1998)

 Thermofluid Engineering, Readership

1998            Hodson, Howard Peter     (Professor of Aerothermal Technology, 2000)

 Tribology, Readership in

1995            Greenwood, James Anthony     (retired 1999)
1997            Hutchings, Ian Michael     (GKN Professor of Manufacturing Engineering, 2000)

 Tudor Studies, Readership in

Established by grace of 6 November 1963 for G. R. Elton.

1963            Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph, Sir     (elected Professor of English Constitutional History 1967)

 Turbomachinery Aerodynamics, Readership in

1989            Denton, John Douglas     (Professor, 1991)

 Turbomachinery, Readership in

1988            Cumpsty, Nicholas Alexander     (appointed Professor of Aerothermal Technology)

 Vertebrate Palaeontology, Readership in

2000            Clack, Jennifer Alice

 Vertebrate Zoology, Readership in

(1) Established by grace of 19 December 1932 for D. Forster-Cooper in the first instance and lapsed on his resignation in 1938. The Reader was Director of the newly-established Sub-department of Vertebrate Zoology in the Department of Zoology.

(2) Established by grace of 6 November 1963 for F. R. Parrington.

1932            Cooper, Clive Forster (Forster-)     (resigned 1938)
1963            Parrington, Francis Rex     (resigned 1970)

 Veterinary Zoology, Readership in

Established by grace of 20 October 1965 for R. S. Comline.

1965            Comline, Robert Semple     (retired 1987) ? as Reader in Veterinary Physiology

 Vision, Readership in

1986            Braddick, Oliver John     (resigned 1993)

 Zoology, Readership in

(1) This is the Readership in Animal Morphology, re-titled by grace of 5 December 1907. Suppressed as from 1 January 1920 by grace of 12 March 1920.

(2) Established by grace of 5 May 1976 for M. J. Wells.

1907            Bateson, William
1908            Shipley, Arthur Everett, Sir
1976            Wells, Martin John     (retired 1995)